Contents

pp.：  7 – 10

Acknowledgements

pp.：  11 – 12

Introduction

pp.：  13 – 22

1. The Birth of a New World: Economics and Theology in the Sixteenth Century

pp.：  23 – 64

1. Introduction

pp.：  23 – 22

2. Luis de Molina

pp.：  23 – 25

3. The Birth of a New Economy

pp.：  26 – 35

3.1. The Shifting Center of Gravity

pp.：  26 – 26

3.2. Manufactures, Trade and the Curse of Gold

pp.：  27 – 29

3.3. New Financial Instruments: Companies, Bills of Exchange and Lending

pp.：  30 – 31

3.4. A Pious Merchant Class

pp.：  32 – 33

3.5. The Economic Consequences of Imperial Destiny

pp.：  34 – 35

4. A New Science for a New World

pp.：  36 – 41

4.1. Mariners, Conquistadors and Missionaries and the Importance of Doing

pp.：  37 – 36

4.2. The Importance of Doing

pp.：  37 – 38

4.3. The Impact of the Movable Type

pp.：  39 – 39

4.4. Coping with Change and the Changing Paradigm of Science

pp.：  40 – 41

5. Moral Theology in Sixteenth-Century Spain and Portugal

pp.：  42 – 54

5.1. Francisco de Vitoria and Aquinas’ Return

pp.：  43 – 45

5.2. Nominalism and its Fruits in Ethics

pp.：  46 – 49

5.3. Probabilism: Different Kinds of Knowledge and Recta Ratio

pp.：  50 – 54

5.3.1. Science, Faith, Opinion, Doubt and Scruples

pp.：  50 – 52

5.3.2. Probabilism

pp.：  53 – 54

6. The Problems of Divine Grace

pp.：  55 – 58

6.1.The Theological Controversies regarding Grace

pp.：  55 – 57

6.2. The Political Dimension of Divine Grace

pp.：  58 – 58

7. The Concordia

pp.：  59 – 64

7.1. The Theological Problem:The Common Ground of Bañezians and Molinists

pp.：  60 – 60

7.2. Molinism

pp.：  61 – 63

7.2.1 Indeterminism

pp.：  61 – 61

7.2.2. Triplex est sciencia in Deo

pp.：  62 – 63

7.3. Consequences for MoralTheology

pp.：  64 – 64

2. Molina's Fundamental Moral Theology

pp.：  65 – 108

1. Introduction

pp.：  65 – 64

2. De Iustitia et Iure

pp.：  65 – 73

2.1. Genesis of the Book: Teaching Methods and New Literary Genres

pp.：  65 – 68

2.2. Structure and Method

pp.：  69 – 73

2.2.1. Structure of the Book

pp.：  69 – 69

2.2.2. Structure of a Disputation

pp.：  70 – 71

2.2.3. The Ways of Moral Reasoning

pp.：  72 – 73

3. Fundamental Moral Theology

pp.：  74 – 106

3.1. Use of the Bible

pp.：  74 – 78

3.2. Molina’s Conception of Natural Law

pp.：  79 – 96

3.2.1. De Legibus et Constitutionibus

pp.：  79 – 79

3.2.2. The Theological Nature of Natural Law

pp.：  80 – 83

3.2.3. Ius and Lex

pp.：  84 – 85

3.2.4. Ius Naturale

pp.：  86 – 89

3.2.5. Lex Naturalis

pp.：  90 – 96

3.3. Jesuit Spirituality

pp.：  97 – 100

3.3.1. The Spiritual Exercises

pp.：  97 – 98

3.3.2. The Jesuit ‘Way of Proceeding’

pp.：  99 – 100

3.4. Casuistry

pp.：  101 – 106

3.4.1. Ecclesiastical Development

pp.：  102 – 102

3.4.2. The Influence of Nominalism

pp.：  103 – 104

3.4.3. High Casuistry

pp.：  105 – 106

4. Conclusion

pp.：  107 – 108

3. Justice and the Origins of Private Property

pp.：  109 – 136

1. Grace and Property: An Often Repeated Discussion

pp.：  109 – 113

1.1.The Medieval Inquiry Regarding Property: Theologians, Canonists and the Spiritual Franciscans

pp.：  109 – 110

1.2. Soto and the Plight of the Poor

pp.：  111 – 113

2. Molina on Private Property: A Theological Problem

pp.：  114 – 132

2.1. Dominium: Definition and Kinds

pp.：  115 – 115

2.2. The Original Common Property of Goods

pp.：  116 – 119

2.2.1. The Traditional Doctrine

pp.：  116 – 118

2.2.2. Molina’s View of the Original Community

pp.：  119 – 119

2.3. The Origin and Justification of Private Property

pp.：  120 – 124

2.4. Ius Naturale and Ius Gentium: Virtue and Human Law

pp.：  125 – 127

2.5. Conclusions on Private Property

pp.：  128 – 132

3. The Common Good of the Respublica: Politics and Economics

pp.：  133 – 136

4. Three Specific Topics: Usury, Prices and Money Exchange

pp.：  137 – 196

1. Introduction

pp.：  137 – 137

2. Usury

pp.：  138 – 159

2.1.The Classical Definition and its Unlawfulness

pp.：  139 – 149

2.1.1. Divine and Human Law

pp.：  140 – 142

2.1.2. Natural Law Case against Usury

pp.：  143 – 149

2.2. Titles of Interest

pp.：  150 – 159

2.2.1. Forced Lending and Mons Pietatis: The Development of the Titles of Interest

pp.：  150 – 152

2.2.2. The Acceptance of Lending: Labor, Damnum Emergens, Lucrum Cessans and Periculum Sortis

pp.：  153 – 159

3. The Just Price

pp.：  160 – 180

3.1. Molina and His Predecessors

pp.：  161 – 162

3.2. Communis Aestimatio: A Decision within the Community

pp.：  163 – 165

3.2.1. Natural Prices

pp.：  163 – 164

3.2.2 Communis Aestimatio

pp.：  165 – 165

3.3. Economics and Chrematistics

pp.：  166 – 167

3.4. Monopolies and the Genovese Wool Trade

pp.：  168 – 172

3.5. Fixed Legal Prices

pp.：  173 – 175

3.6. Information, Economic Expectations and Justice

pp.：  176 – 177

3.7. A Just Market

pp.：  178 – 180

4. Money Exchange and Credit Creation

pp.：  181 – 193

4.1. Introduction

pp.：  181 – 182

4.2. Types of Exchange and Its Lawfulness

pp.：  183 – 187

4.2.1. Petty or Manual Exchange

pp.：  184 – 184

4.2.2. A Strange Monetary System

pp.：  185 – 186

4.2.3. The Difficulties of Exchange Bills

pp.：  187 – 187

4.3. Different Values of Money

pp.：  188 – 191

4.4. The Problems of the Creation of Credit

pp.：  192 – 193

4.5. Moral Dimensions of Money

pp.：  194 – 193

5. Conclusion

pp.：  194 – 196

5. Justice as Virtue in an Economic Context

pp.：  197 – 232

1. Justice a Virtue

pp.：  197 – 204

1.1. Transforming Paradigms

pp.：  197 – 197

1.2. Justice in General

pp.：  198 – 204

1.2.1. Meanings of Justice

pp.：  199 – 201

1.2.2. Justice as Moral Virtue

pp.：  202 – 202

1.2.3. The Object of Justice: Ius and its Divisions. The Order of Reality

pp.：  203 – 204

2. The Importance of Cultural Contextualization

pp.：  205 – 209

2.1.The Detailed Analysis of Casuistry

pp.：  205 – 206

2.2. Cultural Embeddedness of Economic Practices

pp.：  207 – 208

2.3. The Moral A Prioris of Case Building

pp.：  209 – 209

3. The Basic Metaphor Regarding Society: The Body

pp.：  210 – 217

3.1. The Origins of the Idea and the Respublica Christiana

pp.：  211 – 211

3.2. Economic and Moral Implications of the Organic Model

pp.：  212 – 217

3.2.1. Economics of a Body

pp.：  212 – 214

3.2.2. The Economic Common Good

pp.：  215 – 215

3.2.3. Taxes and the Common Good

pp.：  216 – 217

3.2.4. Economics: A Probable Science

pp.：  218 – 217

4. Church and State: The Role of Charity

pp.：  218 – 221

4.1. Church and State

pp.：  218 – 218

4.2. Ecclesiology and Moral Theology

pp.：  219 – 220

4.3. Justice and Charity

pp.：  221 – 221

5. Money, Metaphysics and Society

pp.：  222 – 223

6. Risk, Profit, and the Distribution of Wealth

pp.：  224 – 229

6.1. Business, Risk and Gambling

pp.：  224 – 226

6.2. Risk and Indetermination

pp.：  227 – 227

6.3. Wealth Creation and Distribution

pp.：  228 – 229

7. Law and Prudence: Its Importance for Justice

pp.：  230 – 232

Conclusion

pp.：  233 – 244

1. Molina on Economics and Ethics

pp.：  233 – 235

2. Molina on the Natural Law

pp.：  236 – 238

3. Molina and Methodology

pp.：  239 – 240

4. Molina on Justice and the Common Good

pp.：  241 – 242

5. Conclusion

pp.：  243 – 244

Bibliography

pp.：  245 – 252

Index

pp.：  253 – 258