Acknowledgements

pp.：  11 – 12

Maps, Tables, Figures, and Appendices

pp.：  13 – 14

Abbreviations

pp.：  15 – 20

Introduction

pp.：  21 – 28

Chapter One Theoretical Framework

pp.：  29 – 58

1.1 Introduction

pp.：  29 – 29

1.2 The Nature of the Political System in the Islamic Republic of Iran

pp.：  30 – 33

1.3 Studies of the Political Elite

pp.：  34 – 41

1.4 The Iranian Political Elite

pp.：  42 – 44

1.5 Foreign Policy and Geopolitics

pp.：  45 – 51

1.6 The Role of Shi'ism in the Foreign Policy of the IRI

pp.：  52 – 54

1.7 Conclusion

pp.：  55 – 58

Chapter Two Power Structures and Factional Rivalries in the Islamic Republic of Iran

pp.：  59 – 96

2.1 Introduction

pp.：  59 – 59

2.2 The Formal Power Structure

pp.：  60 – 67

2.2.1 The Religious Supervisory Bodies

pp.：  62 – 63

2.2.2 The Republican Institutions

pp.：  64 – 65

2.2.3 The Religious Foundations

pp.：  66 – 67

2.3 The Informal Power Structure

pp.：  68 – 73

2.4 Economic Resources of the Political Elite

pp.：  74 – 75

2.5 Elite Recruitment

pp.：  76 – 75

2.6 Factional Rivalries since the Islamic Revolution

pp.：  76 – 91

2.6.1 Factional Rivalries for Power 1979–1989

pp.：  77 – 79

2.6.2 Factional Rivalries for Power 1989–1997

pp.：  80 – 81

2.6.3 Factional Rivalries for Power 1997–2005

pp.：  82 – 84

2.6.4 Factional Rivalries for Power Since 2005

pp.：  85 – 91

2.7 Conclusion

pp.：  92 – 96

Chapter Three Factional Rivalries and Economic Policies

pp.：  97 – 126

3.1 Introduction

pp.：  97 – 97

3.2 Economic Restructuring during Khomeini's Leadership (1979–1989)

pp.：  98 – 107

3.2.1 Economic Policies 1979–1989

pp.：  101 – 103

3.2.2 International Trade Relations

pp.：  104 – 106

3.2.3 The Impact of the Iran-Iraq War on the Economy

pp.：  107 – 107

3.3 Economic Reform during Rafsanjani's Presidency (1989–1997)

pp.：  108 – 115

3.3.1 Towards a Liberalization of the Economy?

pp.：  111 – 113

3.3.2 Economic Liberalization and Social Response

pp.：  114 – 115

3.4 Economic Impasse during Khatami's Presidency (1997–2005)

pp.：  116 – 120

3.4.1 Further Attempts at Economic Liberalization

pp.：  118 – 120

3.5 Poverty Alleviation—The Main Goal since Ahmadinejad's Presidency in 2005

pp.：  121 – 122

3.6 Conclusion

pp.：  123 – 126

Chapter Four Factional Rivalries and Socio-Cultural Developments

pp.：  127 – 174

4.1 Introduction

pp.：  127 – 128

4.2 Socio-Cultural Developments during Khomeini's Leadership ( 1979–1989)

pp.：  129 – 138

4.2.1 Women

pp.：  129 – 132

4.2.2 The Press

pp.：  133 – 135

4.2.3 Intellectual Debate

pp.：  136 – 138

4.2.3.1 Ali Shari'ati

pp.：  136 – 137

4.2.3.2 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

pp.：  138 – 138

4.3 Socio-Cultural Developments during Rafsanjani's Presidency ( 1989–1997)

pp.：  139 – 151

4.3.1 Women

pp.：  141 – 141

4.3.2 The Press

pp.：  142 – 143

4.3.3 Intellectual Debate

pp.：  144 – 151

4.3.3.1 Lay and Clerical Public Intellectuals (Abdolkarim Soroush, Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari, and Mohsen Kadivar)

pp.：  144 – 148

4.3.3.2 Public Intelligentsia (Abbas Abdi, Akbar Ganji, and Saeed Hajjarian)

pp.：  149 – 151

4.4 Socio-Cultural Developments during Khatami's Presidency ( 1997–2005)

pp.：  152 – 166

4.4.1 Women

pp.：  156 – 160

4.4.2 The Press

pp.：  161 – 164

4.4.3 Intellectual Debate

pp.：  165 – 166

4.5 Socio-Cultural Developments during Ahmadinejad's Presidency (since 2005)

pp.：  167 – 170

4.5.1 Women

pp.：  168 – 168

4.5.2 The Press

pp.：  169 – 170

4.6 Conclusion

pp.：  171 – 174

Chapter Five Factional Rivalries and Foreign Policy

pp.：  175 – 228

5.1 Introduction

pp.：  175 – 176

5.2 Foreign Policy Decision-Making in the Islamic Republic of Iran

pp.：  177 – 178

5.3 Foreign Policy in the Period of Khomeini's Leadership (1979–1989)

pp.：  179 – 190

5.3.1 Relations with the Middle East

pp.：  185 – 186

5.3.2 Relations with the Soviet Union

pp.：  187 – 187

5.3.3 Relations with the United States

pp.：  188 – 190

5.4 Foreign Policy during Rafsanjani's Presidency (1989–1997)

pp.：  191 – 202

5.4.1 Relations with the Middle East

pp.：  192 – 195

5.4.2 Relations with Central Eurasia and Russia

pp.：  196 – 198

5.4.3 Relations with the United States

pp.：  199 – 202

5.5 Foreign Policy during Khatami's Presidency (1997–2005)

pp.：  203 – 214

5.5.1 Relations with the Middle East

pp.：  204 – 205

5.5.2 Relations with Russia, China, and India

pp.：  206 – 209

5.5.3 Relations with the United States

pp.：  210 – 214

5.6 Foreign Policy since Ahmadinejad's Presidency (2005–2008)

pp.：  215 – 225

5.6.1 Relations with the Middle East

pp.：  217 – 221

5.6.2 Relations with Russia

pp.：  222 – 222

5.6.3 Relations with the United States

pp.：  223 – 225

5.7 Conclusion

pp.：  226 – 228

Chapter Six Factional Rivalries and Iran-European Union Relations

pp.：  229 – 250

6.1 Introduction

pp.：  229 – 230

6.2 Iran-European Union Relations during Khomeini's Leadership ( 1979–1989)

pp.：  231 – 233

6.3 Iran-European Union Relations during Rafsanjani's Presidency ( 1989–1997)

pp.：  234 – 238

6.4 Iran-European Union Relations during Khatami's Presidency ( 1997–2005)

pp.：  239 – 241

6.5 Iran-European Union Relations since Ahmadinejad's Presidency ( 2005–)

pp.：  242 – 246

6.6 Conclusion

pp.：  247 – 250

Chapter Seven The European Union Policy towards Iran

pp.：  251 – 278

7.1 Introduction

pp.：  251 – 251

7.2 The Critical and Comprehensive Dialogue

pp.：  252 – 253

7.3 Iran-European Union Energy Policy Dialogue

pp.：  254 – 260

7.4 Iran-European Union Working Group on Trade and Investment

pp.：  261 – 263

7.5 Iran-European Union Human Rights Dialogue

pp.：  264 – 265

7.6 The Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

pp.：  266 – 276

7.7 Conclusion

pp.：  277 – 278

Conclusion

pp.：  279 – 286

Appendices

pp.：  287 – 294

Glossary

pp.：  295 – 296

References

pp.：  297 – 320

Important websites from Iran of members of the political elite, state organizations, non-governmental organizations, and Intellectuals/ p olitical activists

pp.：  321 – 322

Index

pp.：  323 – 332