Chapter
Anti-Americanism as the Independent Variable: Jordan and Kuwait
Anti-Americanism as the Independent Variable: Jordan and Kuwait
Scope Condition, Case-Selection Strategy, Data, and Evidence
Scope Condition, Case-Selection Strategy, Data, and Evidence
Appendix: Human Development Index Scores and Jordan's Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate
Appendix: Human Development Index Scores and Jordan's Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate
CHAPTER TWO — Becoming Jordan and Kuwait: The Making and Consolidating of U.S. Client Regimes
CHAPTER TWO — Becoming Jordan and Kuwait: The Making and Consolidating of U.S. Client Regimes
Jordan's History of Clientelistic Dependence
Jordan's History of Clientelistic Dependence
Post–World War II: Full Independence for Jordan but Continued Reliance on the British
Post–World War II: Full Independence for Jordan but Continued Reliance on the British
Economic Devastation after the First Gulf War
Economic Devastation after the First Gulf War
Economic Progress and the Jordan-Israeli Peace Treaty, 1994
Economic Progress and the Jordan-Israeli Peace Treaty, 1994
Continued Military and Economic Assistance: Increased Dependency
Continued Military and Economic Assistance: Increased Dependency
Kuwait's History of Clientelistic Dependence
Kuwait's History of Clientelistic Dependence
The Iraqi Occupation of Kuwait and the Limits of Pan-Arabism
The Iraqi Occupation of Kuwait and the Limits of Pan-Arabism
CHAPTER THREE — Islamist Momentum in the Arab World: Jordan's Islamic Action Front and Kuwait's Islamic Constitutional Movement
CHAPTER THREE — Islamist Momentum in the Arab World: Jordan's Islamic Action Front and Kuwait's Islamic Constitutional Movement
Islamists and Anti-American Positions across the Arab World
Islamists and Anti-American Positions across the Arab World
The IAF and its Anti-American Positions
The IAF and its Anti-American Positions
The 1994 Peace Treaty with Israel
The 1994 Peace Treaty with Israel
Other Islamist Forces in Jordan
Other Islamist Forces in Jordan
Regime-IAF Relations: Democracy in Retreat
Regime-IAF Relations: Democracy in Retreat
U.S. Policy and Islamists: Pro-American Democracy or No Democracy at All?
U.S. Policy and Islamists: Pro-American Democracy or No Democracy at All?
Kuwait's Islamist Movement: A Pro-American Force
Kuwait's Islamist Movement: A Pro-American Force
Islamists and Their Positions: Democratic Deepening in Kuwait
Islamists and Their Positions: Democratic Deepening in Kuwait
Democratic Successes and Advancements: Female Suffrage, Redistricting, and Succession
Democratic Successes and Advancements: Female Suffrage, Redistricting, and Succession
Regime-Islamist Relations in Kuwait
Regime-Islamist Relations in Kuwait
CHAPTER FOUR — Engaging the Regime through the Lens of the United States: Citizens' Political Preferences
CHAPTER FOUR — Engaging the Regime through the Lens of the United States: Citizens' Political Preferences
Causal Logics Citizens Employ When Engaging Possibilities of Regime Change
Causal Logics Citizens Employ When Engaging Possibilities of Regime Change
Support for the Monarchy and U. S. Clientelism: Jordan
Support for the Monarchy and U. S. Clientelism: Jordan
Support for the Monarchy and U. S. Clientelism: Kuwait
Support for the Monarchy and U. S. Clientelism: Kuwait
Supporting the Regime versus Supporting Democracy: Jordan
Supporting the Regime versus Supporting Democracy: Jordan
Supporting the Regime versus Supporting Democracy: Kuwait
Supporting the Regime versus Supporting Democracy: Kuwait
The Geopolitics of Support for Shari'a: Different Islamic Worldviews in Jordan and Kuwait
The Geopolitics of Support for Shari'a: Different Islamic Worldviews in Jordan and Kuwait
Exploring Alternative Explanations
Exploring Alternative Explanations
Appendix: Open- Ended Questionnaire Administered in Jordan, Kuwait, and Morocco
Appendix: Open- Ended Questionnaire Administered in Jordan, Kuwait, and Morocco
CHAPTER FIVE — Support for Democracy and Authoritarianism: The Geostrategic Utility of Cooperative Leadership
CHAPTER FIVE — Support for Democracy and Authoritarianism: The Geostrategic Utility of Cooperative Leadership
Jordanian and Kuwaiti Engagements with Security, Democracy, and Authoritarianism
Jordanian and Kuwaiti Engagements with Security, Democracy, and Authoritarianism
Main Argument: Given Dependence on the United States, Opposition Opinion and Mobilization Strategies Matter
Main Argument: Given Dependence on the United States, Opposition Opinion and Mobilization Strategies Matter
Islamism and Anti-Americanism
Islamism and Anti-Americanism
Anti-Americanism and Support for Democracy or Authoritarianism
Anti-Americanism and Support for Democracy or Authoritarianism
Appendix: Macro-micro Synthesis—The Relationship between Attitudes and Regime Outcomes
Appendix: Macro-micro Synthesis—The Relationship between Attitudes and Regime Outcomes
CHAPTER SIX — Morocco: Support for the Status Quo
CHAPTER SIX — Morocco: Support for the Status Quo
Moroccan International Clientelism
Moroccan International Clientelism
Islamist Positions in Morocco
Islamist Positions in Morocco
Islamist Popularity and Positions
Islamist Popularity and Positions
Voices from within: Political Engagement and the Regime in Morocco
Voices from within: Political Engagement and the Regime in Morocco
U. S. Responses to the Islamists in Morocco
U. S. Responses to the Islamists in Morocco
CHAPTER SEVEN — Palestine and Saudi Arabia and the Limits of Democracy
CHAPTER SEVEN — Palestine and Saudi Arabia and the Limits of Democracy
Fatah's Decline and the Victory of Hamas
Fatah's Decline and the Victory of Hamas
The U. S. Response to Hamas
The U. S. Response to Hamas
Why Did the Palestinians Vote for Hamas?
Why Did the Palestinians Vote for Hamas?
Saudi Arabia and Its Status Quo Advantage
Saudi Arabia and Its Status Quo Advantage
Islamist Positions in Saudi Arabia
Islamist Positions in Saudi Arabia
Regime Responses, the Reform Movement, and the United States
Regime Responses, the Reform Movement, and the United States
The Role of the United States
The Role of the United States
Appendix: Questions from the PSR Poll
Appendix: Questions from the PSR Poll
CHAPTER EIGHT — The Influence of International Context on Domestic-Level Models of Regime Transition and Democratic Consolidation
CHAPTER EIGHT — The Influence of International Context on Domestic-Level Models of Regime Transition and Democratic Consolidation
Theorizing about Nonclient Regimes
Theorizing about Nonclient Regimes
Egypt's Future Democratic Consolidation
Egypt's Future Democratic Consolidation
The Clash of Civilizations and the Search for Liberal and Secular Democrats
The Clash of Civilizations and the Search for Liberal and Secular Democrats
Ignoring Arab Public Opinion and the Islamist Response
Ignoring Arab Public Opinion and the Islamist Response
The Lesson of Latin America
The Lesson of Latin America
Reassessing U.S. Policies in the Arab World
Reassessing U.S. Policies in the Arab World
Of Empires and Citizens
：Pro-American Democracy or No Democracy at All?
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