Contents

Acknowledgments

List of Illustrations

Introduction

Chapter 1 Hijra on the Sudan Road (Ṭarīq al-Sūdān)

Hijra in Islam and West Africa: A Movement of People, Ideas, and Hope

Hijra, Jihād, the Mahdī, and Ḥajj in Islam and in West African Islam

The Hijra Related to the Mahdī

The Reaction of the Colonizers to the Muhājirīn

Chapter 2 The ʿUlamāʾ Forerunners of the Hijra and Teachers in the Mosque of the Prophet in Medina

Shaykh Alfā Hāshim al-Fūtī (c. 1866–1931): A Genius for Survival

Muḥammad ʿAbdallāh b. Maḥmūd al-Madanī (Ag Maḥmūd Abdullahi): The “Intransigent” Salafī Missionary

Chapter 3 The ʿUlamāʾ of the Second Generation, Heirs of the Hijra and Teachers in the First Islamic Institutes in Saudi Arabia

Ḥammād al-Anṣārī (1344–1418/1925–97)

“Riḥlat min Ifrīqyā ilā bilād al-ḥaramayn” [Traveling from Africa to the two holy cities]

The Anṣār al-Sunna in Sudan

The Legacy of Shaykh Ḥammād al-Anṣārī in West Africa

ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Yūsuf al-Ifrīqī

Al-Anwār al-raḥmāniyya li-hidāyat al-firqa al-Tijāniyya [The divine lights to save the Tijāniyya sect]

Jawāb al-Ifrīqī [Response of the African]

Tawḍīḥ al-ḥajj wa-l-ʿumra kamā jāʾa fī l-kitāb wa-l-sunna [Explanation of ḥajj and ʿumra according to the Qurʾān and the Sunna]

Chapter 4 The Dār al-Ḥadīth in Medina and the Ahl al-Ḥadīth

The Dār al-Ḥadīth in Mecca

The Establishment and Expansion of the Ahl al-Ḥadīth Movement in the Eighteenth Century

Muḥammad Ḥayāt al-Sindī (d. 1163/1750)

Walī Allāh Dihlawī (1703–63)

Ṣāliḥ al-Fullānī (1752–3/1803)

Muḥammad b. ʿAlī l-Shawkānī (1173–1250/1760–1832)

Nadhīr Ḥusayn Dihlawī (1805–1902)

Ṣādiq Ḥasan Khān (1834–90)

Ṣanāʿullāh Amristari (1868–1948)

The Doctrine of Ahl al-Ḥadīth as Reflected by These ʿUlamāʾ

A Brief Political History of the Hijaz in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

Educational Institutions Founded in the Hijaz by the Ottomans and the Ashrāf

Nation-State or Umma-State: ʿUlamāʾ Support of the Saudi State

Maʿhad al-Riyāḍ al-ʿIlmī (Riyadh Institute of Islamic Religious Sciences)

Chapter 5 The ʿUlamāʾ of the Third Generation: Teachers and Administrators in the First Islamic Universities of Saudi Arabia

Shaykh ʿUmar b. Muḥammad Fallāta (1345–1419/1926–98)

Writings, Lectures, and Teaching of ʿUmar Fallāta

Muḥammad al-Amīn al-Jakanī l-Shinqīṭī (Āb Wuld Ukhtūr) (1325–93/1907–73)

The Writings of Shaykh Shinqīṭī

Chapter 6 Africa in the Islamic University of Medina

History of the Foundation of the University

Africa in the Daʿwa Policy of the Islamic University of Medina and of the Saudi State as Reflected in the Statutes and Other Texts of the University

Daʿwa in Africa By and With the Africans

Shaykh Taqī l-Dīn al-Hilālī (d. 1407/1987)

Chapter 7 Biography (Tarjama) in the Islamic Tradition according to the ʿUlamāʾ

The Concept and Tradition of Tarjama (Biography) according to ʿUmar Fallāta and ʿAṭiyya Sālim

ʿAṭiyya Muḥammad Sālim with al-Ifrīqī and al-Shinqīṭī

The Teaching Method of al-Ifrīqī (Manhaj al-Ifrīqī)

ʿAṭiyya Muḥammad Sālim with Shaykh al-Amīn al-Shinqīṭī (Āb Wuld Ukhtūr)

The Tarjama according to Shaykh ʿUmar Fallāta in His Conference Paper on Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ifrīqī

An Interpretation

Conclusion

Bibliography

Works and Primary Sources in Arabic

Works in Other Languages

Index