Chapter
1 Microbial Pathogens: an Overview
2 Bacterial Human Pathogen Genomes: an Overview
3 Cell Biology: an Overview
General Cell Organization
Structure of the Cell Membrane
Signal Transduction and Cell Regulation
Cell Adhesion and Morphogenesis
Cell Cycle and Organelle Inheritance
4 Extracellular Matrix and Host Cell Surfaces: Potential Sites of Pathogen Interaction
Structural and Functional Components of the Extracellular Matrix
Cell Surfaces and Bacterial Interactions
5 Bacterial Adherence to Cell Surfaces and Extracellular Matrix
Pathogens and Their Nonfimbrial Adhesins
Role of Adherence in Disease
6 Molecular Basis for Cell Adhesion and Adhesion-Mediated Signaling
Structural and Functional Diversity of Cell Adhesions
Transmembrane Interaction of the Extracellular Matrix with the Actin Cytoskeleton
Signaling Components in Matrix Adhesions
Molecular Interactions in Cell-Cell Adherens Junctions
Signaling at Cell-Cell Adherens Junctions
Cross Talk between Adhesion-Dependent Signaling and the Rho Family of GTPases
Tension-Dependent Regulation of Adhesion Structure Assembly
Complex Cytoskeletal Cross Talk
Conclusions and Link to Microorganism Invasion
7 Bacterial Signaling to Host Cells through Adhesion Moleculesand Lipid Rafts
Adhesion Molecules as Pathogen Receptors
Receptors’ Accessibility and Bacterial Fate
Pathogen Adhesion Determining Host Tissue Tropism
Signaling via Adhesion Molecules and Bacterial Internalization
Type III Secretion and Bacterial Invasion
Lipid Raft Microdomain Involvement in Pathogen-Host Cell Interactions
Route of Internalization and Intracellular Survival within the Macrophage
Pathogen-Induced Up-Regulation of Adhesion Molecules
8 Host Cell Membrane Structure and Dynamics
Host Cell Plasma Membrane Organization
Methods for Studying Membrane Organization
Lipid Organization on Intracellular Membranes
Membrane Domains, Toxin Trafficking,and Microbial Pathogenesis
9 Membrane Traffic in the Endocytic Pathway of Eukaryotic Cells
Membrane Traffic in Eukaryotic Cells
Organelles and Membrane Dynamics
Ways of Entry into the Cell
Endosomes at the Crossroad of Membrane Traffic
Sorting in Polarized Cells
Specialized Routes of Endocytic Membrane Traffic
10 Where To Stay inside the Cell: a Homesteader’s Guide to Intracellular Parasitism
Selection of an Intracellular Niche
Modulation of Intracellular Compartments by the Host Immune Response
Nutrient Acquisition: Eat In or Order Out?
Cell-Cell Spread (Metastasis) of Intracellular Pathogens
11 The Actin Cytoskeleton: Regulation of Actin Filament Assembly and Disassembly
Basic Properties of Actin Monomer and Filament
Modulation of Actin Dynamics by Actin-Binding Proteins
Polymerization Zone Model
12 Bacterial Manipulation of the Host Cell Cytoskeleton
Mechanisms of Bacterial Invasion
Bacterial Attachment without Invasion
Intracellular Motility and Intercellular Spread
Extracellular Toxins Acting on the Cell Surface
Extracellular Toxins Acting on Intracellular Targets
Toxins Directly Delivered by Bacteria into the Cytoplasm of Eukaryotic Cells
14 Bacterial Protein Toxins as Tools in Cell Biology and Pharmacology
Toxins as Tools To Study Nucleotide-Binding Proteins
Toxins as Tools To Study the Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton
Toxins That Affect Small GTPases
Toxins as Part of a Transmembrane Carrier System
15 Type III Secretion Systems in Animal- and Plant-Interacting Bacteria
Type III Secretion Systems
Common Regulatory Mechanisms
16 Bacterial Type IV Secretion Systems: DNA Conjugation Machines Adapted for Export of Virulence Factors
An Expanding Family of Type IV Injectosomes
The A. tumefaciens T-Complex Transfer System as a Paradigmfor Assembly of Type IV Secretion Systems
Substrate Recognition and the Export Route
Molecular Biology of Type IV Secretion Systems
The Cell Biology of Effector Molecules
17 Induction of Apoptosis by Microbial Pathogens
Apoptosis Is Genetically Programmed
Effector Molecules of Apoptosis
Induction of Apoptosis by Microorganisms
18 Interaction of Pathogens with the Innate and AdaptiveImmune System
Macrophage Response—the Activated Macrophage
Interactions Involving Neutrophils
Interaction Involving the NK-Cell Response
Macrophage–NK-Cell Interaction: Lessons from Listeriosis
Symbiosis between the Innate Cellular System and the T-Cell Response—the MHC System
Pathogen Detection by the Innate Immune System: the Toll-Like Receptors
Basic Conventional Electron Microscopy
Cytochemical Methods To Characterize Bacteria or Host Cells
Methods To Study Intersection with the Endocytic Pathway
Methods To Study Intersection with the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Immunoelectron Microscopy
20 New Tools for Virulence Gene Discovery
Identifying Candidate Virulence Genes by Mutation
Identifying Candidate Virulence Genes by Differential Expression
21 Genome-Wide Approaches to Studying Prokaryotic Biology
22 Cell Biology of Virus Infection
Virus Organization and Structure
Viral Assembly and Egress
Movement of Viruses within Cells
Viral Regulation of Cellular Protein Synthesis and Expression
23 Use of Simple Nonvertebrate Hosts To Model Mammalian Pathogenesis
Development of Alternative Host-Pathogen Models
Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Host
Drosophila melanogaster as a Model Host
Arabidopsis thaliana as a Model Host
Galleria mellonella (Wax Moth Caterpillar) as a Model Host
Interactive Host-Pathogen Genetics
Cellular Microbiology Second Edition
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