List of contributing authors

1 Morphology of Nematoda

1.1 General and external morphology

1.2 Integument or body wall

1.3 Musculature (Fig. 1.5 A–F)

1.4 Nervous system

1.5 Sensory structures

1.6 The digestive system

1.7 Body cavity or pseudocoel

1.8 Secretory-excretory system (S-E system) (Fig. 1.13)

1.9 Reproductive system and related reproduction

1.10 Gametes-gametogenesis

Literature

2 Reproduction and development in Nematodes

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Reproduction

2.3 Sex determination

2.4 Embryonic development

2.5 Postembryonic development

2.6 Concluding remarks

Literature

3 Ecology of free-living marine nematodes

3.1 General introduction

3.2 Spatial distribution patterns

3.3 Nematode abundance and diversity across marine habitats

3.4 Nematode biomass patterns

3.5 Nematode community composition patterns across marine habitats

3.6 Disturbance and pollution

3.7 Dispersal, colonization, population genetic structure and cryptic diversity of marine nematodes

3.8 Feeding ecology

3.9 Marine nematodes and energy flow

3.10 Trophic and non-trophic interactions with macrofauna

3.11 Nematodes and ecosystem functioning

Literature

4 Ecology of Freshwater Nematodes

4.1 Morphology, collection and identification

4.2 Species richness

4.3 Abundance and species composition

4.4 Autecology of freshwater nematodes

4.5 Feeding types of freshwater nematodes

4.6 Role of nematodes in the benthic food web

4.7 Production and biomass

4.8 Ecotoxicology and applied ecology

4.9 Conclusion

Literature

5 Outline on nematode phylogeny

Literature

6 Palaeontology of nematodes

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Types of nematode fossils

6.3 Systematics of fossil nematodes

6.4 Questionable fossil nematodes

6.5 Summary

Literature

7 Taxonomy

7.1 Order Benthimermithida Tchesunov, 1995

7.1.1 Diagnosis

7.1.2 Distribution, biology and ecology

7.1.3 Sytematics and phylogeny

7.1.4 Key to genera

Literature

7.2 Order Rhaptothyreida Tchesunov, 1995

7.2.1 Diagnosis

7.2.2 Distribution, biology, and ecology

7.2.3 Systematics and phylogeny

Literature

7.3 Order Enoplida

7.3.1 Introduction

7.3.2 Morphology

7.3.3 Classification

Acknowledgements

Literature

7.4 Order Triplonchida Cobb, 1919

7.4.1 Introduction

7.4.2 Morphology

7.4.3 Phylogeny and taxonomy

7.4.4 Tobrilidae De Coninck, 1965

7.4.5 Tripylidae de Man, 1876

7.4.6 Onchulidae Andrássy, 1963

7.4.7 Prismatolaimidae Micoletzky, 1922

7.4.8 Bastianiidae De Coninck, 1965

7.4.9 Odontolaimidae Gerlach & Riemann, 1974

7.4.10 Triodontolaimidae De Coninck, 1965

7.4.11 Rhabdodemaniidae Filipjev, 1934

7.4.12 Pandolaimidae Belogurov, 1980

7.4.13 Diphterophoridae Micoletzky, 1922

7.4.14 Trichodoridae Thorne, 1935

Literature

7.5 Order Dorylaimida Pearse, 1942

7.5.1 Diagnosis

7.5.2 Morphology

7.5.3 Diversity and systematics

7.5.4 Notes on the biology of Dorylaimida

Acknowledgments

Literature

7.6 Order Mononchida Jairajpuri, 1969

7.6.1 Diagnosis

7.6.2 General morphology of Mononchina

7.6.3 General morphology of Bathyodontina

7.6.4 Diversity and taxonomy

7.6.5 Notes on their biology

Acknowledgments

Literature

7.7 Order Isolaimiida Cobb, 1920

7.7.1 Introduction

7.7.2 Isolaimiidae Timm, 1969

Literature

7.8 Order Dioctophymatida

7.8.1 Introduction

7.8.2 Morphology

7.8.3 Reproduction and development

7.8.4 Phylogeny and taxonomy

7.8.5 Genus Dioctophyme Collet-Meygret, 1802

7.8.6 Eustrongylides Jägerskiöld, 1909

7.8.7 Hystrichis Dujardin, 1845

7.8.8 Soboliphyme Petrow, 1930

Acknowledgements

Literature

7.9 Order Muspiceida

7.9.1 Historical diagnosis

7.9.2 Morphology

7.9.3 Life cycle

7.9.4 Diversity and taxonomy

7.9.5 Superfamily Muspiceoidea Roman, 1965

Literature

7.10 Order Marimermithida Rubtzov 1980, emend. Tchesunov 1995

7.10.1 Diagnosis

7.10.2 Distribution, biology and ecology

7.10.3 Systematics and phylogeny

7.10.4 Key to genera

7.10.5 Notes on systematics of Marimermithida

Literature

7.11 Order Desmoscolecida

7.11.1 Distribution and ecology (Fig. 7.83)

7.11.2 Morphology

7.11.3 Systematics

Literature

7.12 Order Chromadorida Chitwood, 1933

7.12.1 Family Chromadoridae Filipjev, 1917

7.12.2 Family Cyatholaimidae Filipjev, 1918

7.12.3 Family Achromadoridae Gerlach & Riemann, 1973

7.12.4 Family Ethmolaimidae Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941

7.12.5 Family Neotonchidae Wieser & Hopper, 1966

7.12.6 Family Selachinematidae Cobb, 1915

Literature

7.13 Order Desmodorida De Coninck, 1965

7.13.1 Superfamily Desmodoroidea Filipjev, 1922

7.13.2 Superfamily Microlaimoidea Micoletzky, 1922

Literature

7.14 Order Monhysterida Filipjev, 1929

7.14.1 Superfamily Siphonolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918

7.14.2 Superfamily Sphaerolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918

7.14.3 Superfamily Monhysteroidea Filipjev, 1929

Acknowledgments

Literature

7.15 Order Araeolaimida De Coninck, & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933

7.15.1 Family Axonolaimidae Filipjev, 1918

7.15.2 Family Bodonematidae

7.15.3 Family Comesomatidae Filipjev, 1918

7.15.4 Family Coninckiidae Lorenzen, 1981

7.15.5 Family Diplopeltidae Filipjev, 1918

Acknowledgments

Literature

7.16 Order Plectida Gadea, 1973

7.16.1 Introduction

7.16.2 Suborder Plectina

7.16.3 Suborder Ceramonematina

Acknowledgments

Literature

7.17 Order Rhabditina: “Rhabditidae”

7.17.1 Scientific significance of “Rhabditidae”

7.17.2 “Rhabditidae” as a paraphyletic taxon

7.17.3 Stemspecies pattern of “Rhabditidae” (Rhabditina)

7.17.4 Systematics

7.17.5 Habitats and modes of life

7.17.6 Convergences or parallelisms in morphology – a view on diversity

7.17.7 Striking characteristics of single lineages

7.17.8 Biogeography

7.17.9 Speciation

Literature

7.18 Order Strongylida (Railliet & Henry, 1913)

7.18.1 Introduction

7.18.2 Morphology and taxonomy

7.18.3 Phylogeny

7.18.4 Biology and ecology

7.18.5 Suborder Strongylina (Weinland, 1858 superfamily) Durette-Desset & Chabaud, 1993

7.18.6 Suborder Ancylostomatina (Looss, 1905 subfamily) Durette-Desset & Chabaud, 1993

7.18.7 Suborder Trichostrongylina (Leiper 1908, family) Durette-Desset & Chabaud, 1993

7.18.8 Suborder Metastrongylina (Lane, 1917 superfamily) Durette-Desset & Chabaud, 1993

Literature

7.19 Order Tylenchida Thorne, 1949

7.19.1 Origin of Tylenchida

7.19.2 Suborder Tylenchina Chitwood in Chitwood and Chitwood, 1950

7.19.3 Suborder Hoplolaimina Chizhov & Berezina, 1988

7.19.4 Suborder Criconematina Siddiqi, 1980

7.19.5 Suborder Hexatylina Siddiqi, 1980

Literature

7.20 Order Camallanida: Superfamilies Anguillicoloidea and Camallanoidea

7.20.1 Superfamily Anguillicoloidea

7.20.2 Superfamily Camallanoidea

Acknowledgements

Appendix

Literature

7.21 Order Spirurida

7.21.1 Introduction

7.21.2 Superfamily Gnathostomatoidea Railliet, 1895

7.21.3 Superfamily Physalopteroidea Railliet, 1893

7.21.4 Superfamily Rictularioidea Hall, 1913

7.21.5 Superfamily Thelazioidea Skrjabin, 1915

7.21.6 Superfamily Spiruroidea Oerley, 1885

7.21.7 Superfamily Habronematoidea Chitwood & Wehr, 1932

7.21.8 Superfamily Acuarioidea Railliet, Henry & Sisoff, 1912

7.21.9 Superfamily Aproctoidea Yorke & Maplestone, 1926

7.21.10 Superfamily Diplotriaenoidea Skrjabin, 1916

7.21.11 Superfamily Filarioidea Weinland, 1858

Acknowledgements

Literature

Glossary

Index