Pediatric Otolaryngology

Title Page

Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Pediatrics

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS SECTION ON OTOLARYNGOLOGY– HEAD AND NECK SURGERY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 2011–2012

Dedication Page

CONTRIBUTORS

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

INTRODUCTION

SECTION 1: Ear and Temporal Bone

CHAPTER 1: Neonatal Hearing Screening, Hearing Loss, and Treatment for Hearing Loss: Anna K. Meyer, MD

■ Introduction

■ Epidemiology

■ Presenting Symptoms

■ Physical Examination

■ Diagnosis

■ Medical Evaluation

■ Types of Hearing Loss

■ Causes of Hearing Loss

■ Treatment for Sensorineural Hearing Loss

■ Treatments for Conductive Hearing Loss

■ Natural History and Prognosis

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 2: Management and Treatment of Patients With Acute and Chronic Otitis Media: Yamilet Tirado, MD, and Blake Papsin, MD

■ Introduction

■ Epidemiology of Otitis Media

■ Pathogenesis of Otitis Media

■ Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

■ Assessment and Diagnosis of AOM

■ Treatment Options for AOM

■ 2004 Guidelines for AOM

■ Natural History and Complications of AOM

■ Prevention of AOM

■ Chronic Otitis Media

■ Assessment and Diagnosis of CSOM

■ Treatment Options for CSOM

■ Natural History and Complications of CSOM

■ Prevention of CSOM

■ Nonsuppurative Otitis Media

■ Assessment and Diagnosis of OME

■ Treatment Options for OME

■ 2004 Guidelines for OME

■ Natural History and Complications of OME

■ Prevention of OME

■ Conclusion

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 3: Facial Paralysis: David H. Chi, MD

■ Introduction

■ Anatomy

■ History

■ Physical Examination

■ Pathophysiology

■ Differential Diagnoses

■ Conclusion

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 4: Diseases and Anomalies of the Auricle and External Auditory Canal: Robert F. Yellon, MD, and Raymond Maguire, DO

■ Auricle

■ External Auditory Canal

■ Infectious

■ Selected References

SECTION 2: Nose and Sinus

CHAPTER 5: Neonatal Nasal Obstruction: Tulio A. Valdez, MD, and Tiffiny Ainsworth, MA, MD

■ Introduction

■ Physical Examination and Diagnosis

■ Nasal Embryology and Anatomy

■ Differential Diagnosis

■ Congenital Anatomic Deformities

■ Obstructing Masses

■ Traumatic Obstructions

■ Inflammatory Etiologies

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 6: Rhinosinusitis: Amy S. Whigham, MD, and Maria T. Peña, MD

■ Background

■ Definitions

■ Anatomy

■ Pathophysiology

■ Evaluation

■ Microbiology

■ Medical Management

■ Surgical Management

■ Complications

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 7: Epistaxis: Mark S. Volk, MD, DMD

■ Introduction

■ Epidemiology

■ Presenting Symptoms

■ Physical Examination Findings

■ Differential Diagnosis

■ Treatment

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 8: Pediatric Nasal and Facial Fractures: T.J. O-Lee, MD

■ Introduction

■ Diagnosis

■ Soft Tissue Injuries

■ Bony Injuries

■ Conclusion

■ Selected References

SECTION 3: Oropharynx

CHAPTER 9: Disorders of the Tonsils and Adenoid: David H. Darrow, MD, DDS

■ Introduction

■ Functions of Tonsils and Adenoid

■ Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases ofTonsilsand Adenoid

■ Hyperplasia of Tonsils and Adenoid

■ Malignancy of Tonsils or Adenoid

■ Other Tonsil and Adenoid Disorders

■ Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 10: Pediatric Oropharyngeal Trauma: David L. Mandell, MD

■ Introduction

■ Epidemiology

■ Presenting Symptoms

■ Physical Examination

■ Diagnostic Imaging

■ Treatment Options

■ Natural History and Prognosis

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 11: Cleft Lip and Palate: Patrick D. Munson, MD, and Charles M. Bower, MD

■ Introduction

■ Epidemiology

■ Presenting Symptoms

■ Physical Examination Findings

■ Diagnosis

■ Treatment Options

■ Natural History and Prognosis

■ Ankyloglossia

■ Selected References

SECTION 4: Neck

CHAPTER 12: Neck Masses and Adenopathy: Randall A. Bly, MD, and Sanjay R. Parikh, MD

■ Introduction

■ Epidemiology

■ Presenting.Symptoms

■ Physical Examination Findings

■ Differential Diagnosis of Midline Neck Masses

■ Differential Diagnosis of Lateral Neck Masses

■ Imaging

■ Treatment Options

■ Natural History and Prognosis

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 13: Deep Neck Space Infections: Eric M. Jaryszak, MD, PhD, and Sukgi S. Choi, MD

■ Introduction

■ Epidemiology

■ Anatomy

■ Microbiology

■ Diagnosis

■ Treatment

■ Complications and Special Considerations

■ Conclusion

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 14: Salivary Gland Disorders in Children: Daniel L. Wohl, MD, and Eileen M. Raynor, MD

■ Introduction

■ Salivary Gland Developmental Anatomy

■ Salivary Gland Physiologic Histology

■ Salivary Gland Function

■ Physical Examination of Salivary Glands

■ Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Disorders

■ Treatment Options for Salivary Gland Disorders

■ Selected References

SECTION 5: Airway and Swallowing

CHAPTER 15: Stridor in Infants and Children: Seth M. Pransky, MD, and Carrie L. Francis, MD

■ Introduction

■ History

■ Physical Examination

■ Additional Evaluation

■ Endoscopy

■ Common Causes of Stridor

■ Conclusion

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 16: Speech and Voice Disorders: Steve Maturo, MD, and Christopher Hartnick, MD

■ Introduction

■ Epidemiology

■ Presenting Symptoms

■ Physical Examination

■ Differential Diagnosis

■ Treatment Options

■ Natural History and Prognosis

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 17: Drooling and Salivary Aspiration: Corrie E. Roehm, MD, and Scott R. Schoem, MD

■ Introduction

■ Salivation

■ Etiology

■ Assessment

■ Management

■ Conclusion

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 18: Chronic Cough in Children: Ian N. Jacobs, MD

■ Introduction

■ Mechanism

■ Clinical Assessment of the Child With Chronic Cough

■ Additional Investigation

■ Treatment

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 19: Aerodigestive Tract Foreign Bodies: Kristina W. Rosbe, MD

■ Introduction

■ Epidemiology and Prevention

■ Signs and Symptoms

■ Imaging

■ Treatment

■ Complications

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 20: Gastroesophageal Reflux: J. Paul Willging, MD

■ Introduction

■ Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

■ Gastroesophageal Reflux and Airway

■ Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux

■ Selected References

SECTION 6: GENERAL

CHAPTER 21: Otolaryngologic Disorders in Down Syndrome: Sally R. Shott, MD; Dorsey Heithaus, MA; and Anthony Sheyn, BS

■ Introduction

■ Chronic Otitis Media

■ Hearing Loss: Audiologic Testing

■ Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

■ Airway Abnormalities: Laryngeal and Tracheal

■ Chronic Rhinitis and Sinusitis

■ Selected References

CHAPTER 22: Vascular Birthmarks: John Gavin, MD

■ Introduction

■ Classification

■ Vascular Tumors

■ Vascular Malformations

■ Selected References

Index