Cover

Title page

Copyright page

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

1: The Equine Necropsy

I. General considerations

II. Techniques

1. Positioning, examining, and opening of the carcass

2. Evisceration of the abdominal, pelvic, and thoracic organs

3. Removal of the brain and spinal cord

4. Examination of the locomotor system

5. Examination of the placental membranes and the fetus

III. Tissue collection

IV. Recording of findings of routine cases

Selected reference

2: Diseases of Foals and Juveniles

I. Foal Disorders and Diseases

1. Congenital abnormalities

2. Acquired diseases

II. Diseases of juveniles

1. Acquired diseases

Selected references

3: Diseases of the Nervous System and Peripheral Nerves

I. Central nervous system

1. Removal and examination of the brain and the spinal cord

2. Malformations

3. Degeneration

4. Inflammation

5. Traumatic injuries

6. Neoplastic

7. Miscellaneous

II. Peripheral nervous system

1. Polyneuritis equi (polyradiculitis, cauda equina neuritis)

2. Grass sickness

3. Peripheral neuropathies

Selected references

4: Diseases of the Respiratory System

I. Upper respiratory tract

1. Structures of normal nose

2. Sinonasal disorders

3. Guttural pouch diseases

4. Pharynx/Larynx/Epiglottis disorders

5. Sinonasal neoplasia

II. Lower respiratory tract

1. Trachea

2. Lung

3. Diaphragmatic hernia

4. Pleural mesothelioma

Selected references

5: Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

I. Heart

1. Congenital cardiovascular anomalies

2. Pericardial diseases

3. Myocardial diseases

4. Endocardial disorders

5. Cardiomyopathy

II. Vessels

1. Vasculitis

2. Vascular thrombosis and injuries

3. Vascular neoplasia

Selected references

6: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

I. Diseases of the oral cavity

1. Anomalies

2. Dental diseases

3. Dental tumors

4. Diseases of the buccae and tongue

II. Diseases of the esophagus

1. Obstruction of the lumen

2. Inflammation

3. Idiopathic hypertrophy of the distal esophagus

4. Neoplasia

III. Diseases of the stomach

1. Gastric rupture

2. Gastric ulcers

3. Gastric parasites

4. Gastric neoplasia

IV. Noninfectious diseases of the intestinal tract

1. Anomalies

2. Displacements and strangulations

3. Intraluminal foreign bodies

4. Rectal (colonic) perforation

5. Intestinal diverticulum

6. Large intestinal tympany

V. Diseases of the intestinal tract: Infectious disorders

1. Inflammation

2. Drug-induced enteropathy

3. Endoparasites

4. Intestinal neoplasia

5. Miscellaneous

VI. Diseases of the peritoneum

1. Inflammation

2. Neoplasia

3. Miscellaneous

Selected references

7: Diseases of the Liver and Pancreas

I. Liver

1. Hemodynamic changes

2. Metabolic, necrotic, and toxic diseases

3. Infectious hepatitis and hepatic abscesses

4. Endoparasitism

5. Primary and secondary hepatic neoplasia

6. Liver biopsy

Summary

II. Pancreas

1. Pancreatitis

2. Pancreatic hypertrophy

Selected references

8: Diseases of the Urinary System

I. Kidney

1. Abnormalities

2. Circulatory disturbances

3. Metabolic disturbances

4. Inflammatory and infectious diseases

5. Necrosis/degeneration

6. Renolithiasis

7. Neoplasia

II. Lower urinary tract

1. Inflammation

2. Neoplasia

Suggested references

9: Diseases of the Muscular System

I. Genetic muscle disorders

1. Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency

2. Polysaccharide storage myopathy

3. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

4. Malignant hyperthermia

5. Recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis

II. Myotonic myopathy

III. Dietary and conditioning-associated muscle diseases

1. Exertional rhabdomyolysis

2. Tying-up in equine athletes

3. Azoturia in working horses

IV. Myonecrosis/myodegeneration

V. Myositis

VI. Neurogenic myopathy

VII. Immune-mediated myopathy

1. Infarctive purpura hemorrhagica

2. Streptococcal acute severe rhabdomyolysis

3. Immune-mediated myositis

VIII. Hormonal imbalance myopathy

IX. Trauma

X. Neoplasia

Selected references

10: Disease of the Skeletal System

I. Congenital/developmental lesions

1. Aplasia/hypoplasia/dysplasia

2. Osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans

3. Cervical vertebral instability (equine wobbler syndrome)

II. Traumatic lesions (fractures)

1. Axial skeletal fractures

2. Growth plate fractures

3. Stress fractures

4. Fracture repair and fracture complications

III. Infectious/inflammatory lesions

1. Septic arthritis

2. Septic osteomyelitis: neonates and juvenile horses

3. Septic osteomyelitis: adult horses

4. Surgical implant-associated osteomyelitis

5. Nonseptic (autoinflammatory) arthritis

IV. Idiopathic, ischemic/vascular-associated lesions and laminitis

1. Osteonecrosis

2. Enostosis-like lesions

3. Gangrenous necrosis

4. Laminitis and laminitis-associated distal phalangeal osteolysis

V. Degenerative lesions

1. Degenerative osteoarthritis/degenerative joint disease

2. Navicular disease

3. Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy

4. Distal third metacarpal/metatarsal subchondral (maladaptive) bone disease

5. Dorsal metacarpal disease with microcracks (“bucked shins”)

VI. Proliferative and neoplastic disease

1. Benign and nonneoplastic proliferative lesions

2. Aggressive and malignant neoplastic lesions

VII. Metabolic bone disease

1. Nutritional fibrous osteodystrophy

2. Emaciation with serous atrophy of marrow fat

Acknowledgments

Selected references

11: Diseases of the Endocrine System

I. Pituitary gland

II. Thyroid gland

III. Adrenal gland

Selected references

12: Disease of the Reproductive System

I. Male

1. Morphology of the normal mature equine testis

2. Testicular hypoplasia

3. Testicular degeneration/atrophy

4. Testicular inflammation

5. Testicular neoplasia

6. Accessory male sex organs

7. External genitalia

8. Miscellaneous

II. Female (nonpregnant)

1. Morphology of the normal mature equine ovary

2. Anomalies

3. Ovarian cysts

4. Ovarian inflammation

5. Ovarian neoplasia

6. Endometritis

7. Endometrial biopsy

8. Uterine neoplasia

9. External genitalia

III. Female (pregnant)

1. Placental membranes and umbilicus

2. Incidental findings associated with the placental membranes

3. Disturbances of pregnancy

IV. Noninfectious abortion diseases

1. Fescue grass toxicosis

2. Mare reproductive loss syndrome

V. Infectious abortion diseases

1. Equine viral abortions

2. Equine bacterial abortions

3. Equine fungal abortions

4. Abortions caused by microsporidia

5. Miscellaneous

VI. Choice of samples and diagnostic methods for abortion investigation

Selected references

13: Diseases of the Skin (Integument)

I. Congenital and hereditary disorders

1. Dermatosparaxis

2. Epidermolysis bullosa

II. Disorders of epidermal differentiation

1. Coronary band disease

2. Linear alopecia

3. Seborrhea

III. Disorders of pigmentation

1. Leukotrichia and leukoderma

2. Vitiligo

IV. Physiochemical and actinic injury to the skin

1. Actinic dermatitis

2. Photosensitization

3. Photoactivated vasculitis

V. Immune-mediated dermatoses

1. Hypersensitivity dermatoses

2. Autoimmune dermatoses

3. Other immune-mediated dermatoses

VI. Helminthic diseases of the skin

1. Habronemiasis

2. Onchocerca

VII. Viral diseases of skin

1. Equine papillomaviral infection

2. Poxvirus infection

VIII. Bacterial diseases of the skin

1. Dermatophilosis

2. Botryomycosis

3. Fistulous withers and poll evil

IX. Fungal diseases of skin

1. Dermatophytosis

2. Phaeohyphomycosis

3. Sporotrichosis

4. Epizootic lymphangitis

5. Zygomycosis

X. Oomycete diseases of the skin: pythiosis

XI. Protozoal diseases of the skin

1. Leishmaniasis

2. Besnoitiosis

XII. Ectoparasites: Mange

XIII. Miscellaneous skin disorders

1. Canker

2. Chronic progressive lymphedema

3. Cushing syndrome

4. Drug eruption

5. Erythema multiforme

6. Eosinophilic granuloma

7. Exuberant granulation tissue

8. Follicular cyst

9. Lightning

10. Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease

11. Pastern dermatitis

12. Toxic epidermal necrolysis

13. Systemic sterile granulomatous disease

14. Envenomation

XIV. Neoplasia of the skin

1. Squamous cell carcinoma

2. Sarcoid

3. Cutaneous lymphoma

4. Hemangioma/Hemangiosarcoma

5. Melanoma

6. Peripheral nerve sheath tumors

7. Papilloma

8. Mast cell tumor

9. Basal cell tumor

10. Myoma

11. Fibroma/Fibrosarcoma

12. Mammary gland neoplasia

Selected references

14: Diseases of the Eye and Ear

I. Eyes

1. Congenital ocular diseases

2. Degenerative ocular diseases

3. Inflammatory ocular diseases

4. Neoplastic ocular diseases

II. Ears

1. Inflammatory otic diseases

2. Nonneoplastic and neoplastic proliferative otic diseases

Selected references

15: Diseases of the Hemolymphatic System

I. Diseases of the bone marrow

1. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease

2. Myeloid necrosis

3. Myelodysplasia

4. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

5. Neoplasia

6. Bone marrow biopsy

II. Diseases of circulating blood cells

1. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

2. Infections

3. Toxicities

III. Diseases of the thymus

IV. Chylothorax

V. Diseases of lymph nodes and lymphangitis

1. Lymphoid hypoplasia/atrophy

2. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia

3. Lymphadenitis

4. Lymphangitis

5. Lymphoma

VI. Diseases of the spleen

1. Splenomegaly

2. Inflammation

3. Ruptures and tears

4. Miscellaneous conditions

Selected references

Appendix A: Equine Diseases without Pathology

I. Botulism

II. Tetanus

III. Japanese yew (Taxus)

IV. Selenium toxicity

Selected references

Appendix B: List of Equine Neoplasms

Appendix C: List of Equine Infectious Diseases Foreign to North America

Index