Chapter
Chapter 2: Getting Close to Deviance
Blurred Boundaries I: Getting Close to Deviance
Sociology as a Mode of Inquiry
Value of Surveys and Official Statistics
Limitations of Official Statistics
Counting Rape and Sexual Assault
Official Statistics as Organizational Processes
Challenges of Deviance Ethnography
Focus of Deviance Ethnography
Getting People to Open Up
Getting Along in the Field
Understanding Social Worlds Different from Our Own
Getting the Big Picture: Sociohistorical Comparison
Blurred Boundaries II: How Close is too Close?
Chapter 3: Positivistic Theories of Deviant Behavior
Blurred Boundaries I: Why is Mike in Jail?
Introduction to Positivistic Theories
Biological Theories of Deviance
Lombroso’s Italian School of Positivist Criminology
Biological Theories in Twentieth-Century America
Critique and Further Directions
Social Structural Theories
Social Disorganization Theory
Critique and Further Directions
Merton’s “Social Structure and Anomie”
Critique and Further Directions
Differential Association Theory
Sutherland’s Key Principles
Critique and Further Directions
Blurred Boundaries II: “Influences” versus “Causes”
Chapter 4: Symbolic Interactionist/Social Constructionist Perspective
Blurred Boundaries I: Consensus and Conflict in Constructing Deviants
The Roots of Symbolic Interaction: The Social Self
Labeling Theory and Social Construction
Social Construction of Deviance Categories
Resource Mobilization and Deviance Framing
Initial Rule-Breaking and Primary Deviance
Primary versus Secondary Deviance
Biography and Effective Environment
Techniques of Neutralization
Limits of Voluntary Choice
Stereotyping and Master Statuses
Institutionalizing Deviance
Typifications and Recipe Knowledge
Stigmatization and Resistance
Stigmatization and Role Engulfment
Stigma Management and Resistance
Stigma Management among the Discreditable
Stigma Management among the Discredited
In-Group Stigma Management
Blurred Boundaries II: Framing Surprising Alliances
SECTION 2 High Consensus Criminal Deviance
Blurred Boundaries I: Two Convicted Murderers
Current Constructions of Murder in the United States
Challenges in Researching Murder
Cross-Cultural Constructions of Murder
History of Murder in the United States
Whites and Native Americans
Landscape of Murder in the New Millennium
Social Capital and Homicide
Interactional Contexts and Ethnographic Voices
Character Contests: Six Stages
Stage One: Personal Offense
Stage Four: Working Agreement
Contemporary Responses to Murder
Stigma Management and Resistance
Blurred Boundaries II: Is Assisted Suicide Murder?
Blurred Boundaries I: Two Sexual Assaults
Current Constructions of Rape in the United States
Challenges in Researching Rape
Cross-Cultural Constructions of Rape
History of Rape in the United States
Feminist Era: 1960s–Present
Rape Proclivity and Routine Activity Theories
Interactional Contexts and Ethnographic Voices
Phase One: Preexisting Life Tensions
Phase Two: Transformation of Motivation into Action
Phase Three: Perpetrator–Victim Confrontation
Phase Four: Situation Management
Phase Five: Disengagement
Contemporary Responses to Rape
Identifying and Processing Rapists
Treatment of Rape in the Courts
Stigma Management and Resistance
Blurred Boundaries II: What is Too Drunk to Say Yes?
Chapter 7: Financially Motivated Crime in the Streets
Blurred Boundaries I: Two Thieves
Current Constructions of Street-level Property Crimes in the United States
Types of Street-level Property Crime
Challenges in Researching Street-level Property Crimes
Counting Street-level Property Crime
Cross-Cultural Constructions of Street-level Property Crime
History of Street-level Property Crimes in the United States
Merton’s Social Structure and Anomie
Interactional Contexts and Ethnographic Voices
Contemporary Responses to Street-level Property Crime
Stigma Management and Resistance
Blurred Boundaries II: A College Education for Prisoners?
Chapter 8: White-Collar Crime
Blurred Boundaries I: Two White-Collar Crimes
Current Constructions of White-Collar Crimes in the United States
Types of White-Collar Crime
Challenges in Researching White-Collar Crime
Counting Crime in the Suites
Cross-Cultural Constructions of White-Collar Crime
History of White-Collar Crime in the United States
Rise of the Robber Barons
Progressive Era and Regulatory Control
White-Collar Crime in the United States Today
Merton’s Social Structure and Anomie
Interactional Contexts and Ethnographic Voices
Contemporary Responses to White-Collar Crime
Stigma Management and Resistance
Blurred Boundaries II: Should Michael Milken Get a Presidential Pardon?
SECTION 3 Lifestyle Deviance
Blurred Boundaries I: Two Faces of Problem Drinking
Current Constructions of Alcohol Abuse in the United States
Challenges in Researching Alcohol Abuse
Cross-Cultural Constructions of Alcohol Abuse
History of Problem Drinking in the United States
The Medicalization of Problem Drinking
Social Learning Theory and Alcohol Abuse
Interactional Contexts and Ethnographic Voices
Contemporary Responses to Problem Drinking
Punitive/Treatment Response
Stigma Management and Resistance
Alcoholics Anonymous and Identity Transformation
Blurred Boundaries II: Contextual Responses to College Drinking
Blurred Boundaries I: Two Drug Abusers
Current Constructions of Drug Abuse in the United States
Types of Drug Use and Abuse
Challenges in Researching Drug Abuse
Counting Illegal Drug Use
Cross-Cultural Constructions of Drug Abuse
History of Drug Abuse in the United States
Unregulated Early America
Road to Punitive Prohibition
Social Learning Theory and Drug Abuse
Interactional Contexts and Ethnographic Voices
Contemporary Responses to Drug Abuse
Punitive Prohibition and Reducing Supply
Stigma Management and Resistance
In-Group Stigma Management
Out-Group Stigma Management
Blurred Boundaries II: Is It Time to Legalize Drugs?
Blurred Boundaries I: The Street Prostitute and the Playboy College Girl
Current Constructions of Sex Work and Pornography in the United States
Challenges in Researching Sex Work
Cross-Cultural Constructions of Sex Work
History of Sex Work in the United States
Antebellum America and the Wild West
The Gilded Age of US Prostitution
Merton’s Anomie and Social Learning Theories
Interactional Contexts and Ethnographic Voices
Massage Parlors and Brothels
Oppression and Empowerment Paradigms
Contemporary Responses to Sex Work
Legalization and Regulation
Stigma Management and Resistance
Techniques of Neutralization
Stigma Management with Customers
Coming Out of the Closet and Collective Action
Blurred Boundaries II: The John Shaming Debate
SECTION 4 Status Deviance
Chapter 12: Mental Illness
Blurred Boundaries I: Two Faces of Mental Illness
Current Constructions of Mental Illness in the United States
Challenges in Researching Mental Illness
Counting Mentally Illness
Cross-Cultural Constructions of Mental Illness
History of Mental Illness in the United States
Deinstitutionalization Era
Interactional Contexts and Ethnographic Voices
The Medication Experience
Depression and Medication
Schizophrenia and Medication
Contemporary Responses to Mental Illness
Criminalization of Mental Illness
Stigma Management and Resistance
In-Group Stigma Management
Blurred Boundaries II: A Hyper Child of Your Own
Chapter 13: Obesity and Eating Disorders
Blurred Boundaries I: Two “Fat” People
Current Constructions of Obesity and Eating Disorders in the United States
Types of Obesity and Eating Disorders
Challenges in Researching Obesity and Eating Disorders
Counting Obesity and Eating Disorders
Cross-Cultural Constructions of Obesity and Eating Disorders
History of Obesity and Eating Disorders in the United States
Rise of the Antifat Campaign
Calories In-Calories Out and Self-Control Theory
Interactional Contexts and Ethnographic Voices
Dieting and Fitness Programs
The Costs of Weight Obsession
Contemporary Responses to Obesity
Weight-Loss and Fitness Industry
Social Policy and Government Regulation
Stigma Management and Resistance
Weight-Loss Support Groups
Blurred Boundaries II: Banning Weight Discrimination in the Workplace
Chapter 14: LGBTQ Identities
Blurred Boundaries: Two Stories of Same-Sex Attraction
Current Constructions of LGBTQ Identities in the United States
Challenges in LGBTQ Research
Counting LGBTQ Identities and Sexual Behavior
Cross-Cultural LGBTQ Constructions
LGBTQ History in the United States
The Cold War on Homosexuals
Era of Collective Action and Conservative Responses
The Limits of Positivistic Approaches
Interactional Contexts and Ethnographic Voices
Contemporary Responses to LGBTQ Issues
Stigma Management and Resistance
Blurred Boundaries II: “Gay” or “Straight”?
Deviance
：Social Constructions and Blurred Boundaries
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