A Primer of Botanical Latin with Vocabulary

Author： Emma Short; Alex George

Publisher： Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year： 2013

E-ISBN: 9781107331358

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781107693753

Subject： Q94 Botany

Keyword：植物学

Language： ENG

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A Primer of Botanical Latin with Vocabulary

Description

Latin is one of two acceptable languages for describing new plants, and taxonomists must be able to translate earlier texts in Latin. Providing a simple explanation of Latin grammar along with an in-depth vocabulary, this is an indispensable guide for systematic botanists worldwide. All relevant parts of speech are discussed, with accompanying examples as well as worked exercises for translating diagnoses and descriptions to and from Latin. Guidelines for forming specific epithets are also included. The authors cross-reference their grammar to Stearn's Botanical Latin and to articles in the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants. The comprehensive vocabulary is enhanced with terms from recent glossaries for non-flowering plants – lichens, mosses, algae, fungi and ferns – making this an ideal resource for anyone looking to hone their understanding of Latin grammar and to translate botanical texts from the past 300 years.

Chapter

Why do botanists need Latin?

Consulting a Latin dictionary or vocabulary

Overview

Part I Grammar

1 The noun (Stearn pp. 57-88)

First Declension (Stearn pp. 66-68)

Second Declension (Stearn pp. 68-71)

Third Declension (Stearn pp. 72-87)

Nouns ending in -o

Nouns ending in -on

Nouns ending in -or

Nouns ending in -os

Nouns ending in -s after a consonant (usually 'b', 'm', 'n', 'p' or 'r')

Nouns ending in -us

Nouns ending in -ut

Nouns ending in -ux

Nouns ending in -ys

Nouns ending in -yx

Fourth Declension (Stearn pp. 87-88)

Nouns ending in -us

Nouns ending in -u

Fifth Declension (Stearn p. 88)

2 The adjective and the participle (Stearn pp. 89-102)

Compound adjectives

Complex adjectives (termed compounds by Stearn pp. 94, 95, 96-97)

Comparison of adjectives (Stearn pp. 97-99)

Formation of comparatives

Formation of superlatives

Irregular forms

Quam

The participle (Stearn pp. 89-90)

Notes

3 The adverb (Stearn pp. 103-106)

4 The preposition (Stearn pp. 125-127)

Prepositions with accusative

Prepositions with ablative

5 The conjunction (Stearn pp. 128-129)

Further examples

6 The pronoun (Stearn pp. 118-124)

The personal pronoun

The possessive pronoun

The determinative pronoun

The demonstrative pronoun (also pronoun-adjective)

The intensive pronoun

The relative pronoun

The definitive pronoun

The indefinite pronoun

Pronoun-adjectives

7 The verb (Stearn pp. 130-139)

8 Numerals, measurements (Stearn pp. 107-117)

Cardinal numbers

Examples:

Ordinal numbers

Examples:

Distributive numerals

Example:

Numerical adverbs

Examples:

On relative length (Stearn pp. 114-117)

9 Prefixes and suffixes

10 Miscellany

Time

Habitat (Stearn pp. 197-200)

Geography (Stearn pp. 201-228)

Colour

Symbols and abbreviations

Punctuation (Stearn pp. 194-196)

Forming specific epithets

Part II Exercises in translation

11 Exercises

1. Declining

1.1. Declining nouns and adjectives (answers on p. 75)

1.2. Taxonomic ranks (answers on p. 78)

1.3. Exercises in the nominative (answers on p. 78)

herb

shrub

tree

stem

stems

stipules

leaf

leaves

inflorescence

inflorescences

bract

bracts

flower

flowers

calyx

sepals

corolla

petals

stamens

anthers

filament

filaments

pistil

gynoecium

style

ovary

stigma

stigmas

fruit

seed

stipe

caps

gills

thallus

1.4. Exercises in the accusative (answers on p. 79)

1.5. Exercises in the genitive (answers on p. 79)

1.6. Exercises in the dative (answers on p. 80)

1.7. Exercises in the ablative (answers on p. 80)

2. Adjectives

2.1. Positive (absolute) adjectives (answers on p. 81)

2.1.1. State whether the following adjectives are Group A or Group B and then decline fully, i.e. masculine, feminine and neuter, singular and plural:

2.1.2. Give the:

2.1.3. Translate:

2.2. Comparative adjectives (answers on p. 82)

2.2.1. Translate:

2.3 Superlative adjectives (answers on p. 82)

2.3.1. Translate:

2.4. Comparisons (answers on p. 82)

2.4.1. Translate:

3. Participles (answers on p. 83)

3.1. Decline in full for the gender cited (all cases, singular and plural):

3.2. Translate the following:

4. Adverbs

4.1 Positive (absolute) adverbs (answers on p. 84)

4.1.1. Translate the following adjectives, state whether they are Group A or Group B, and then form their associated adverbs:

4.1.2. Translate the following:

4.2. Comparative and superlative adverbs (answers on p. 84)

4.2.1. Translate:

5. Conjunctions (answers on p. 85)

5.1. Translate:

6. Pronouns (answers on p. 85)

6.1. Translate:

7. Verbs (answers on p. 85)

7.1. Translate:

12 Answers to the Exercises

1. Declining

1.1. Declining nouns and adjectives

1.2. Taxonomic ranks

1.3. Exercises in the nominative

1.4. Exercises in the accusative

1.5. Exercises in the genitive

1.6. Exercises in the dative

1.7. Exercises in the ablative

2. Adjectives

2.1. Positive (absolute) adjectives

2.2. Comparative adjectives

2.3. Superlative adjectives

2.4. Comparisons

3. Participles

4. Adverbs

4.1. Positive (absolute) adverbs

4.2. Comparative and superlative adverbs

5. Conjunctions

6. Pronouns

7. Verbs

Part III Translating

13 Translating into Latin

Some tips

Notes to help in translation

Parsing

Abbreviations

The description

Translation of a description adapted from George Bentham´s Handbook of the British Flora

The diagnosis

How to start a diagnosis

Calothamnus roseus

Calothamnus borealis subsp. cinereus

14 Translating from Latin into English

Part IV Vocabulary

References

Index

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