Title page

Indice

Preface

Gruppo fotografico dei partecipanti al Corso

Weak interaction in nuclei

Introduction

Parity violation in weak interactions

Neutrino oscillations and the problem of the neutrino mass

Direct and indirect ways to determine the neutrino mass

Single-beta decay

Measurements on the Cosmic Ray Background

Double-beta decay

Experimental approach

Present results and future experiments

Conclusions

Phenomenology of neutrino masses

Massless neutrinos in the Standard Model

Detecting neutrinos

Massive neutrinos beyond the SM

Pure Majorana neutrinos

Pure Dirac neutrinos

Oscillations in vacuum

Vacuum oscillations of 3 neutrinos

Atmospheric oscillations

Solar oscillations: KamLAND

The MSW effect

Matter oscillations of Majorana or Dirac neutrinos

Oscillations in constant matter

Oscillations in a varying density

Solar neutrinos

Known unknowns

beta-decay

Neutrino-less double-beta decay

Cosmology

Nuclear physics aspects of double-beta decaypag

Introduction to beta beta decay

Mechanism of the 0nu beta beta decay

RPV SUSY

LRSM

Overview of the experimental status of the search for beta beta decay

Basic nuclear physics of beta beta decay

Decay rate formulae

2nu decay

0nu rate

Exact expressions for the transition operator

Nuclear structure issues

Nuclear shell model

QRPA basics

Generalization - RQRPA

Numerical calculations in QRPA and RQRPA

Competition between ``pairing'' and ``broken pairs''

Dependence on the radial distance

Calculated M'0nu values

Appendix A Neutrino magnetic moment and the distinction between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos

The mass of the particles

Basic concepts: energy, momentum, mass

Wrong and confused concepts of energy, momentum and mass

Energy, momentum and mass of the electromagnetic field

Waves, dispersion relation

The masses of the flavoured neutral mesons

Neutrinos

The mass of strongly decaying hadrons

The quark masses

The mass of the hadrons

Conclusions

Neutrinoless double-beta decay: impact, status and experimental techniques

Neutrino mass and Double Beta Decay

Neutrino flavour oscillations and neutrino mass

The neutrino mass scale: a threefold concept

Experimental challenge and strategies

Experimental approaches and methods

The experimental sensitivity

Present experimental situation

The Heidelberg-Moscow experiment

The NEMO3 experiment

The CUORICINO experiment

The future projects and the related technologies

Selection of the candidates and of the technologies

Classification and overview of the experiments

Prospects and conclusions

Quasi degenerate neutrino mass pattern

Inverted Hierarchy neutrino mass pattern

Directed Hierarchy neutrino mass pattern

Deformation and the nuclear matrix elements of the neutrinoless beta beta decay

Introduction

ISM vs QRPA nuclear matrix elements

The influence of deformation in the NME's

0nu (unphysical) mirror decays: a case study

2nu (unphysical) mirror decays: a case study

Summary

Charge-exchange reactions and nuclear matrix elements for beta beta decay

Charge-exchange reactions

The case of 48Ca and 64Zn

The case of 76Ge

The case of 96Zr

The case of 100Mo

Conclusion

Cosmological probes of neutrino masses

Introduction

The cosmic neutrino background

Relic neutrino production and decoupling

Background evolution

Neutrinos and primordial nucleosynthesis

Extra radiation and the effective number of neutrinos

Neutrino oscillations in the Early Universe

Active-active neutrino oscillations: relic neutrino asymmetries

Active-sterile neutrino oscillations

Massive neutrinos as Dark Matter

Effects of neutrino masses on cosmology

Brief description of cosmological observables

Neutrino free streaming

Impact of massive neutrinos on the matter power spectrum

Impact of massive neutrinos on the CMB anisotropy spectrum

Current bounds on neutrino masses

CMB anisotropies

Galaxy redshift surveys

Lyman-alpha forest pag

Summary and discussion of current bounds

Future sensitivities on neutrino masses from cosmology

Conclusions

Direct determination of neutrino mass from 3H beta-spectrum

Introduction

Neutrino mass from the tritium beta decay spectrum

Previous tritium neutrino mass experiments

MAC-E-Filter

The Mainz neutrino mass experiment

The Troitsk neutrino mass experiment

The Karlsruhe tritium neutrino experiment KATRIN

Conclusion

Precision measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background

Introduction

Modern cosmology and the CMB

CMB observables

CMB observation techniques

CMB observation sites

Detectors

Optics

CMB anisotropy: current status and open issues

Testing inflation

CMB polarization measurements

High-resolution CMB observations

Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect

Wavelength spectrum of CMB anisotropy

CMB anisotropy and large-scale structure

Conclusions

Theory of neutrino masses and mixings

Foreword

Introduction

Standard Model review

The see-saw mechanism

Right-handed neutrinos: type-I see-saw

Y = 2, SU(2)L triplet Higgs: type-II see-saw

Y = 0, SU(2)L triplet fermion: type-III see-saw

Left-right symmetry and neutrino mass

Parity as L-R symmetry

Left-Right symmetry and massive neutrinos

Charge conjugation as L-R symmetry

SU(5): A prototype GUT

Structure

Fermions

Interactions

Symmetry breaking

Yukawa couplings and fermion mass relations

Generations and their mixings

Low-energy predictions

Ordinary SU(5)

Supersymmetric SU(5)

SU(5) and neutrino mass

SO(10): family unified

Yukawa sector

An instructive failure

Non-supersymmetric SO(10)

Supersymmetric case

Majorana neutrinos: lepton number violation and the origin of neutrino mass

Neutrinoless double-beta decay

Lepton number violation at colliders

Summary and outlook

Appendix A. Dirac and Majorana masses

Appendix B. Majorana spinors: Feynman rules

Appendix C. SU(N) group theory

Appendix D. SO(2N) group theory

SO(2N): spinors

The ket notation for spinors

SO(2): a prototype for SO(4n + 2)

Dual representation

Yukawa couplings

SO(4)

SO(6)

Yukawa couplings in SO(6)

Calorimetric beta spectroscopy

Introduction

Towards the calorimetric single-event detection

The calorimetric measurement of neutrino mass

The case of a Re metal detector for studying 187Re decay

First detector prototypes and pilot experiments

Towards a sub-eV m nu calorimetric experiment

Conclusion

Leptogenesis

Introduction

The Sakharov criteria

Baryon number violation

B-violation in Grand Unified Theories

B-violation in the electroweak theory

Some necessary notions of cosmology and equilibrium thermodynamics

Expansion rate, number density, and entropy

Local thermal equilibrium and chemical equilibrium

The standard out-of-equilibrium decay scenario

The conditions for the out-of-equilibrium decay scenario

The production of the baryon asymmetry

An explicit example

Baryon number violation within the SM and out-of-equilibrium baryo-genesis

Baryogenesis via leptogenesis: one-flavour approximation

Strong wash-out regime

Weak wash-out regime

Implications of one-flavour leptogenesis

Comments on baryogenesis via leptogenesis when flavours are accounted for

Conclusions

Measurements of neutrino mass Concluding remarks

Introduction

Phenomenology of neutrino mass

Three observables

Mass-dependent processes

Astrophysics and neutrino mass

Analysing results

Three conclusions

Heidelberg-Moscow result

Beyond the Standard Model

Nature of neutrino mass

Masses and mixing

Test equalities

Three lines in the bottom-up approach

Absolute scale without measurements

Predicting neutrino mass

Koide relations

Main line

Implications of the neutrino mass measurements

Type of spectra and implications

Quasi-degenerate spectrum

Applications

In conclusion of concluding remarks

Posters

nu e and nu e disappearance in Gallium and reactor experiments

Introduction

Gallium experiments

Bugey and Chooz reactor experiments

Conclusions

Feasibility study for a measurement of the QE nu mu CC cross-section with the ArgoNeuT liquid-argon TPCpag

Introduction

The cross-section problem

The ArgoNeuT detector at the NuMI beam

The QE nu mu CC cross-section measurement

Conclusions

Search for beta beta decay modes at LNGS by DAMA experiment

Introduction

Search for beta beta decay with DAMA/LXe set-up

Search for beta beta decay with DAMA/R&D set-up

Development of nuclear emulsions for the OPERA experiment

The OPERA experiment

The CNGS neutrino beam

Emulsion cloud chambers

Emulsion development

Development facility

First events from the OPERA detector at Gran Sasso

The OPERA experiment

The detector

Strategy for nu event location

First physics run

Conclusions

Automated scanning of OPERA emulsion films

Introduction

Nuclear emulsions OPERA target

Automatic scanning system

Scanning performances

Conclusions

The GERDA experiment and first results from phase-I detector operation in LAr/LN2

GERmanium Detector Array at LNGS

0nu beta beta searches with HPGe detectors: experimental considerations

76Ge 0nu beta beta decay: present status

GERDA phases and discovery potentialpag

GERDA phase-I prototype detectors

Conclusions

MARE-1: A next-generation calorimetric neutrino mass experiment

Introduction

MARE

Detector performance

Enviromental background

Different approaches to CUORE background analysis

Introduction - 0nu dbd

Double-beta decay with TeO2 bolometers

Coincidences and pulse shape analysis

CUORE Background

Surface contaminations and recontaminations

Intermediate-energies pi-induced reactions studied with a streamer chamber

Introduction

Brief description of the experimental apparatus

Experimental results

Features of SN signal for massive neutrinos using LVD simulated events

The LVD experiment

Events simulation

Time delay

Conclusions

Minimal renormalizable SO(10) splits supersymmetry

Minimal renormalizable supersymmetric SO(10)

The overall neutrino scale and proton decay lifetime

MSSM vs split supersymmetry

Absolute neutrino mass from helicity measurements

Introduction

Pion decay

First year of Borexino data acquisition: Background analysis

Introduction

Physics of Borexino

Borexino detector

Background components

Data analysis and results

Future perspectives

Elenco dei partecipanti