Chapter
1.5.6 Compressive strength
1.5.8 Splitting tensile strength
1.5.9 Modulus of elasticity
1.5.14 Capillary water absorption (sorptivity)
1.5.15 Chloride permeability
1.5.16 Freeze–thaw resistance
1.5.17 Resistance to sulfate attack
1.5.19 Abrasion resistance
1.6 High-strength concrete incorporating coal bottom ash
1.7 Cost–benefit analysis
2 Scrap tires/crumb rubber
2.2 Properties of rubber aggregates
2.2.1 Classification of rubber aggregates
2.3 Fresh state properties of RCs
2.4 Mechanical properties of RCs
2.4.1 Compressive strength
2.4.2 Stress–strain behavior
2.4.3 Modulus of elasticity
2.5 Physical properties of RC
2.5.1 Water absorption and permeability
2.5.2 Apparent porosity and density
2.5.3 Capillary water absorption
2.5.5 Coefficient of thermal expansion
2.6 Durability properties of RCs
2.6.1 Freeze–thaw resistance
2.6.2 Chloride ion permeability
2.6.4 Fire performance of RC
2.6.5 Seawater effect and acid attack
2.7 Use of mineral additives in RC
2.8 Utilization of waste rubber in construction applications
2.9 Future trends and other applications
3.3 Sources of recycled aggregate
3.4 Production and manufacturing
3.5 Obstacles for the use of recycled aggregate
3.6 Physical properties of recycled aggregate
3.6.4 Hardness (Los Angeles)
3.6.5 Flakiness index and angularity number
3.7 State of codes and standards
3.8 Effect of recycled aggregates on the fresh concrete properties
3.9 Effect of recycled aggregates on the hardened concrete properties
3.9.1 Compressive strength
3.9.3 Modulus of elasticity
3.9.4 Flexural and shear strength
3.9.7 Abrasion resistance
3.10 Effect of recycled aggregates on the durability of concrete
3.10.1 Porosity and water absorption
3.10.2 Water absorption by immersion
3.10.3 Capillary absorption
3.10.4 Water permeability
3.10.7 Resistance to aggressive environment
3.10.8 Use of supplementary cementitious materials to mitigate durability problems
3.11 Use of recycled aggregates in self-compacting concrete
3.12 Use of recycled aggregates in roller-compacted concrete
3.13 Applications and case studies
4.2.1 Chemical properties
4.2.2 Physical properties
4.4 Modern engineering applications
4.5 UFS in green and sustainable construction
4.5.1 UFS in geotechnical applications
4.5.1.1 Leachate analysis
Metal leaching in unconsolidated applications
Metal leaching in consolidated applications
4.5.2.1 Leaching in ceramics
4.5.3 UFS in mortars/concretes
4.5.3.1 UFS in special mortars/concretes
4.5.3.2 Treated UFS in mortars/concretes
4.5.3.3 Leaching in mortars/concretes
4.5.4 Portland cement clinker
4.6 Life cycle assessment
5.2 Characterization of CKD
5.2.1 Chemical composition of CKD
5.2.3 Modern engineering applications
5.3 Strength and durability of concrete with CKD
5.4 Corrosion protection of concrete with CKD
5.4.2 Results and discussion
5.4.2.1 Absorptivity and water absorption coefficient
5.4.2.3 Contact angle before and after frost test
5.4.2.4 Salt crystallization resistance
5.4.2.5 Microstructure of concretes with CKD and the hydrophobic coating
6 Waste marble powder/dust
6.2 Properties of waste marble powder/dust
6.2.1 Physical properties of waste marble powder/dust
6.2.2 Chemical composition of waste marble powder/dust
6.2.3 Scanning electron microscope analysis of waste marble powder/dust
6.3 Utilization of waste marble powder/dust in concrete
6.3.1 Fresh properties of concrete
6.3.2 Strength properties of concrete
6.3.3 Durability properties of concrete
6.4 Role of waste marble management for sustainable environment and construction
7.2 Characterization of PWAs
7.3 Properties of fresh cementitious materials with PWAs
7.4 Properties of hardened cementitious materials with PWAs
7.4.2 Mechanical performance of cementitious materials with PWAs
7.4.2.1 Compressive strength
7.4.2.2 Flexural and splitting tensile strength
7.4.2.3 Modulus of elasticity
7.4.3 Time-dependent deformation of cementitious materials with PWAs
7.4.4 Durability-related performance of cementitious materials with PWAs
7.4.4.1 Porosity and permeability
7.4.4.3 Chloride ion penetration
7.4.4.4 Abrasion wear resistance
7.4.4.5 Freeze–thaw resistance
7.4.5.1 Thermal conductivity
7.4.5.2 Resistance to fire
7.5 Practical applications of PWAs in concrete
8 Construction and demolition wastes
8.2 CDW generation and production of RAs
8.2.1 Typical ways of generation and production equipment
8.2.2 General user scenarios
8.3.1 Material properties of RAs
8.3.2 Strength and durability of RAC
8.3.3 Workability of fresh RAC
8.3.4 Measures to improve properties of RAC
8.4.1 Fundamental leaching mechanisms for cement-based materials
8.4.2 Carbonation effects on leaching
8.4.3 Harmful substances in RA produced from CDW
8.4.4 Acceptable contents and leaching
8.5 Implementation in codes and standards
8.5.2.1 The United States
8.6.1 Sound way of recycling the waste and saving natural resources
8.7 Concluding remarks and the way forward
9.2 Physical and chemical property requirements of glass sand or glass powder in concretes
9.2.1 Glass as natural sand replacement
9.2.2 Powder glass as cementitious materials replacement
9.3 Concrete strength and durability properties using recycling glass
9.4 Modern engineering applications (brief literature review)
9.4.1 The Waste & Resources Action Programme
9.4.2 Recycled crushed glass in various infrastructure applications
9.4.3 Brief description of fine recycled crushed glass in other engineering materials applications
9.5 Significant case studies
9.5.1 Boral research work of using fine recycled crushed glass (sand glass) as partial natural sand replacement
9.5.1.1 Laboratory trials
9.5.1.3 Long-term durability assessment of the field pavement concrete trials is using 45% glass sand as natural sand repla...
9.5.2 Boral research work of using powder glass as cementitious materials replacement in pavement concrete
9.5.2.1 Laboratory trials
9.5.2.3 Long-term durability assessment of the field pavement concrete trials using powder glass as cementitious material r...
9.5.3 A field trial on concrete slab using glass powder as a pozzolanic material
9.5.4 Glassphalt project in Victoria, Australia
9.5.5 Field trials for recycled glass for pipe embedment in New South Wales, Australia
9.6 Testing regime protocol for blends of fine recycled crushed glass and natural sand in concrete, asphalt, and pavements ...
9.7 Role of material in green and sustainable construction
10.1 Introduction to the waste paper industry
10.2 Characterization of waste paper
10.2.1 Particle size distribution of WSA
10.2.2 Chemical composition of WSA
10.2.3 Mineral composition of WSA
10.2.4 Thermogravimetric analysis
10.3 Applications of WSA in mortar and concrete
10.3.2 Setting of WSA binders
10.4 Durability of WSA concrete
II. Supplementary Cementitious Materials
11.2 Characterization of FA and its material properties
11.2.1 Physical properties
11.2.2 Chemical and mineralogical properties
11.2.3 Classification of FA
11.4 High-volume FA concrete
11.4.1 Physical properties of HVFAC
11.4.2 Mechanical properties of HVFAC
11.4.3 Durability of HVFAC
11.4.4 Structural applications of HVFAC
11.4.5 Existing regulations on the use of FA in concrete
11.5 Engineering applications of HVFAC
11.6 The role of FA in sustainable construction
12.1.1 Storage and handling
12.2 Properties of granulated blast furnace slag
12.2.1 Physical properties
12.2.2 Chemical properties
12.3 Fresh properties of mortar/concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag
12.4 Properties of hardened concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag
12.4.1 Strength development
12.4.2 Elastic properties
12.5 Durability properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag
12.5.2 Creep and shrinkage
12.5.3 Freezing and thawing resistance
12.5.4 Sulfate resistance
12.5.5 Alkali–silica reaction
12.5.6 Abrasion resistance
12.5.7 High temperature resistance
12.5.8 Corrosion and chloride binding capacity
12.6 Use of nonground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete as aggregate
12.6.1 Fresh properties of concrete containing granulated blast furnace slag
12.6.2 Hardened properties of concrete containing granulated blast furnace slag
12.6.2.1 Mechanical characteristics
12.8 Role of blast furnace slag in green and sustainable construction
13.2 Effect of combustion conditions
13.4.1 Physical properties
13.4.1.1 Particle size distribution
13.4.2 Chemical composition and pozzolanic activity
13.5 Properties of fresh concrete containing RHA
13.6 Properties of hardened concrete containing RHA
13.6.1 Compressive strength
13.6.2 Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity
13.6.3 Drying shrinkage of concrete containing RHA
13.7 Durability properties of concrete containing RHA
13.7.2 Corrosion resistance and carbonation
13.7.3 Freezing and thawing resistance
13.7.4 Acid and sulfate resistance
13.7.5 Alkali–silica reactivity
14 Nanosilica/silica fume
14.3 Availability and handling
14.4 Material properties—physical
14.5 Material properties—chemical
14.6 Strength and durability issues
14.7 Modern engineering applications
14.8 Role of material in green and sustainable construction
14.9 Codes and standards implementation
14.10 Health and safety issues
14.11 Cost–benefit analysis
15.3 Sources of kaolin clay
15.4 Thermal treatment of kaolin clay
15.5 Characterization of MK
15.5.3 Spectrophotometry (FTIR)
15.6 Pozzolanic reactivity
15.7 Standards and test methods
15.7.1 American Standards (ASTM C618)
15.7.2 Methods of test for pozzolanic materials: Indian Standards (IS 1727)
15.7.3 British Standards (BS EN 196-5)
15.8 Fresh concrete properties
15.10 Mechanical properties
15.10.1 Compressive and tensile strength
15.10.2 Flexural strength (modulus of rupture)
15.10.3 Modulus of elasticity
15.11 Durability properties
15.11.1 Chloride permeability
15.11.2 Alkali–silica reaction
15.11.3 Sulfate resistance
15.12 Ternary and quarterly blends
15.13 Alkali-activated MK paste
16.3 Physical and chemical properties and elemental analysis of MSW ashes
16.4 Physical and chemical properties
16.5 Chemical properties and elemental analysis
16.8 Recycling, cleaning, recovery, and engineering applications
16.8.1 Recycling, cleaning, and recovery materials potential
16.9 Modern engineering applications
16.10 Characteristics of concretes, cement and mortar with MSW ashes
16.11 Compressive strength
16.12 Cost–benefit analysis of MSW ashes in concrete
16.13 Role of MSW in green and sustainable construction
16.14 Codes and standards
16.15.1 Leaching of wastes from MSWI
16.15.2 Leaching of clinker, cement mortar, and concrete with aggregates of MSWI
17.2 Cultivation of sugarcane
17.4 Characteristics of bagasse ash
17.5 Pozzolanic reactivity of BAs
17.6 Effect of BA on concrete rheology
17.7 Mechanical properties of BA concrete
17.8 Effect of BA on concrete durability
17.9 Alternative binders containing BAs
17.10 Use of sugarcane straw in concrete
17.10.1 Use of SCSA as pozzolanic material in blended Portland cement
17.10.2 Use of SCSA as a raw material in alkali-activated cements
17.11 Applications and examples of concrete with BAs
17.11.1 Self-compacting concrete
17.11.2 CO2 emissions reduction
17.11.3 Manufacturing of ceramic materials
17.11.4 Other applications of BA
17.12 Final discussion: Perspectives on the use of BA
Waste and Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete
：Characterisation, Properties and Applications
( Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering )
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