Chapter
Topical Influencing of the Skin Surface pH
pH and Buffering Capacity of Topical Formulations
Measurement of Skin Surface pH
pH, Buffer Definition, and Function
pH and Buffer of the Healthy Skin
Skin pH, Buffer Capacity, and Mechanisms
pH, Buffer, and Antimicrobial Effects
Regulation of Barrier Function, Epidermal Lipids, Differentiation, and Desquamation
pH after Experimental Skin Barrier Disruption
pH and Buffer Capacity in Inflammatory Skin Diseases
Reducing Skin pH as a Therapeutic Tool in Wound Healing, Aged Skin, and in Skin Diseases
Measurement of Skin Surface pH
Factors Influencing Skin pH and Its Measurement
The Planar Glass Electrode Method
Skin Surface pH in Newborns: Origin andConsequences
Acid Mantel Formation after Birth
Factors Affecting Skin Surface pH Formation in Newborns
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Affecting Skin Surface pH
Emollients/Dermatological Products
Gender, Age, and Ethnicity as FactorsThat Can Influence Skin pH
Endogenous Factors That Can Influence Skin pH
pH as a “Universal Signal and Effector”
Factors Involved in the Development of the Acidic pH of the Stratum Corneum
Ionotropic pH Sensors and Transducers
Metabotropic pH-Sensing Receptors
Lipids in the Skin and pH
Lipid Composition of the Stratum Corneum
Impact of pH on SC Lipids
Influence of pH on Skin Stem Cells and Their Differentiation
Intracellular pH and Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
Extracellular pH and Stem Cell Pluripotency
pH and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation
pH and Epithelial Stem Cells
Epidermal Stem Cells, Their Differentiation, and pH
Effects of pH on Stem Cells During Wound Healing
The Influence of Calcium on the Skin pH and Epidermal Barrier During Aging
The Epidermal Barrier and Its Dependence on Calcium
CE Formation in the Aging Process
Skin pH in the Aging Process
The pH Backlash on Lipid Synthesis and Skin Desquamination
pH and Microbial Infections
Diaper and Incontinence Dermatitis
Skin pH Is Elevated in Atopic Dermatitis
Molecular Mechanisms Leading to Elevated Skin Surface pH in AD
Environmental Factors Contributing to Elevated Skin Surface pH in AD
The Effect of Elevated Skin pH
Skin pH – Diver or Surrogate Marker of AD?
The Implications of Skin pH for Treatment
Role of Skin pH in Psoriasis
Epidermal Acidification and Effects on Epidermal Homeostasis and Skin Proteases
Role of pH in Activation of Antimicrobial Proteins
Topical Treatment for Psoriasis and pH
Acne with and without Propionibacterium acnes
Acne and Skin Surface pH Influences
Acne Treatment with Respect to Skin Surface pH
pH and Buffer Capacity of Topical Formulations
The Relation of pH and Skin Cleansing
General Aspects on Skin Cleansing
Skin pH and Corneobiology
The Role of pH in Skin Cleansing
The pH Partition Hypothesis
Drug Substance Properties
Cutaneous Application of Ionizable Drug Substances
Zwitterionic Drug Substances
Skin Penetration of Ionized Drug Substances
pH Responsive Drug Delivery Systems
Metamorphosis of Vehicles: Mechanisms and Opportunities
Topical Applications: Origin and Assets
Purpose and Nature of Vehicles
Nomenclatures of Vehicles
Metamorphosis of Vehicles
Influence of Topical Formulations: Lipid Lamella Organization and Lipid Composition of Stratum Corneum as a Surrogate Marker for Barrier Integrity
Tissue Sampling and Analysis
Current Experiences with Lipbarvis ®
Skin Care Products: Age-Appropriate Cosmetics
Skin Care and Appropriate Cosmetic Products
Diaper Rash (L22) – Skin Care
Conclusion/Recommendations
Skin Care Products for Healthy and Diseased Skin
Who Is in Need of Skin Care?
Skin Care Procedures and Skin Care Products
The Essence of Skin Care Products
Challenges and Conclusions
pH of the Skin: Issues and Challenges
( Current Problems in Dermatology )
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