Chapter
2. Judaism, Hellenism, and the Gospel of Matthew
2.1 Jews and Gentiles in the Gospels
2.2 The Judaism/Hellenism Divide
2.2.1 Historical Jesus Studies and the Gospels
2.2.2 Qumran and Diversity Within Judaism
2.3 Moving Beyond the Judaism/Hellenism Divide
2.3.1 Hellenism Inside and Outside of Palestine
2.3.2 Presumed Audience of the Gospels
2.4 The Judaism/Hellenism Divide and the Gospel of Matthew
2.4.1 The Matthean Community: External Evidence
2.4.2 Judaism and Anti-Judaism: Internal Evidence
3. Matthew’s Gospel as a Greek Document
3.2.2 Oral Tradition, Matthean Sondergut, and Q
3.2.4 Source Traditions of the Sermon on the Mount
3.3 Provenance and Vocabulary
4. Rhetorical Criticism and Methodology
4.1 Primary Methodological Concerns
4.2 Intertextuality and Audience
4.2.1 The Vocabulary of Intertextuality
4.2.2 Audience and Authorial Intent
4.3 Definitions and History of Rhetorical Criticism
4.3.1 Rhetorical Analysis in Early Christianity: Origen and Augustine
4.3.2 Rhetorical Analysis and Higher Criticism: Dibelius and Bultmann
4.3.3 Rhetorical Analysis from 1968: Muilenberg
4.4 Rhetorical Criticism: Two Schools
4.4.1 Ancient Rhetoric in Modern Terms
4.4.2 Ancient Rhetoric in Ancient Terms
4.4.3 Preliminary Conclusion
4.5 Rhetorical Criticism and Other Methodologies
4.5.1 Redaction Critical Approaches
4.5.2 The Disciples’ Understanding
4.5.3 How the Disciples Relate to the Implied Audience
5. Ancient Greek and Roman Education
5.1 The Complexities of Analyzing Ancient Education
5.2 Conquest and the Spread of the Greek Language
5.3 General Hellenistic Education
5.3.1 Stage 1: Primary School
5.3.2 Stage 2: Secondary School
5.3.3 Stage 3: Rhetorical School
5.4 Rhetorical Education and Rhetorical Composition
5.4.2 Rhetorical Composition
5.5 Starting Points: Homeric and Socratic Works
6.1 What are the Rhetorical Boundaries of the Text?
6.1.1 Greco-Roman Corollaries
6.2 What Is the Rhetorical Situation/Context in Which the Text Appears?
6.2.1 The Sermon on the Mount as Compendium or Epitome
6.2.1.1 Matthew’s Context Suggests Repetition
6.2.1.2 Matthew’s Presentation Suggests a Particular Setting
6.2.1.3 The Content and Structure of the Sermon
6.2.1.4 Possible Positions
6.2.2 Literary Genre: The Sermon on the Mount as Epitome
6.2.3 Literary Context: The Rhetorical Setting
6.2.3.4 Disciples/Teach/Authority
6.3 What Rhetorical Need Is the Text Addressing?
6.3.1 The Problems of Persecution and Reward
6.3.2 The Fulfillment of the Law and Prophets
6.3.3 The Call to Discipleship
6.3.4 A Matthean Apologetic
6.3.6 Preliminary Conclusion
6.4 How Is the Text Arranged and Styled to Address the Need?
6.4.1.1 Exordium (Matt 5:3–16)
6.4.1.2 Narratio (Matt 5:17–20)
6.4.1.3 Partitio/Confirmatio/Refutatio (Matt 5:21–7:20)
6.4.1.4 Peroratio (Matt 7:21–27)
6.4.1.5 Summary of Structure
6.4.2.1 General Context: Kingdom of Heaven
6.4.2.2 Beatitudes and Tributes (Matt 5:3–16)
6.4.2.3 Antitheses (Matt 5:21–48)
6.4.2.4 Righteous Piety (Matt 6:1–18)
6.4.2.5 Wealth and Relationship (Matt 6:19–7:20)
6.4.3.1 Rhetorical Questions: Aporia
6.5 Conclusion: Is It Successful in Addressing the Rhetorical Need?
7. Matthew’s Use of Education Vocabulary
7.1 Discipleship Vocabulary
7.1.4 Removing from Sources
7.1.4.1 Extensive Omissions of Markan Source Material
7.1.4.2 Economic Omissions of Markan Source Material
7.1.4.3 Revisions Including Omissions of Markan Source Material
7.1.4.4 Omissions of Q Source Material
7.2 The Greek Context of Discipleship Vocabulary
7.2.1 General Use: Learner
7.2.2 Technical Use: Student/Pupil
7.2.3 Broad Use: Adherent
7.2.4 Preliminary Conclusion
7.3.1 The Added Weight of ῥαββί
7.3.2 The Insertions of διδάσκαλε
7.3.3 The Use of Other Forms of διδάσκαλος
7.3.4 The Uses of Other Nouns (διδαχή and διδασκαλία)
7.3.5 The Uses of the Verb διδάσκω
7.3.6 The Other Uses of διδάσκαλος and Related Vocabulary
7.3.7 καθηγητής and Other Vocabulary
7.4 The Greek Context of Teaching Vocabulary
7.4.1 Preliminary Conclusion
8.1 Issues of Methodology
8.1.1 MacDonald’s Criteria for Comparative Analysis
8.1.2 Problems with MacDonald’s Methodology
8.2 Comparative Analysis of Homer with Mark and Matthew
8.2.2 Encounters with Brutal Figures
8.3 Analysis of Matthew’s Redactional Choices
8.4 Other Possibilities of Homeric (and Virgilian) Resonances
9.2 Areas of Further Research
Hebrew Bible and Septuagint
Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
Mishna, Talmud, and Related Literature
Hellenistic Dimensions of the Gospel of Matthew
：Background and Rhetoric
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