Reward Governance for Senior Executives ( Law Practitioner Series )

Publication series :Law Practitioner Series

Author: Carol Arrowsmith; Rupert McNeil  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2008

E-ISBN: 9780511433832

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521871594

Subject: D91 Legal departments

Keyword: 法学各部门

Language: ENG

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Reward Governance for Senior Executives

Description

In areas such as dispute resolution, visibility and investor interest, the relationship between a senior executive employee and his or her employer differs materially from the relationship that most employees have with their employer. Executives are tools which help create shareholder value. A company's decision to employ one executive over another should be based on the ability of the potential employees to create shareholder value for the organisation. It is therefore essential to get both the appointment and contract right. Negotiating and agreeing the right contract requires an understanding of areas as diverse as valuation, employment law, tax and accounting. Covering the appointment of UK executives under contracts governed by UK law, this volume of essays is intended to help anyone involved in the appointment and termination process.

Chapter

2 Documenting the deal

Preparing the ground

Main provisions of the contract

When does the agreement start?

What are the time commitments involved?

Where will any disputes about the contract be heard?

What potential changes in the employment relationship need to be captured?

How will the contract be brought to an end, by either party? And if it is, what restrictions will apply?

The final check

3 Valuing the package

Overview

Potential approaches to valuing short- and long-term incentive and share plans

Valuing each element

Salary

Benefits in kind

Annual incentive plans

Projected value

Expected value

Deferred annual incentive plans

Annual incentives – matching shares on deferral

Long-term incentives

Projected value

Share price growth assumption

Performance conditions

Dividends

Expected value

Share price volatility

Dividend yield

Performance conditions

Employee forfeiture rates

Expected value vs projected value

Pensions

And a final thought

4 Constructing the package

Determining the policy

The elements of pay

Fixed elements of remuneration

Basic salary

Salary benchmarking

Job matching

Methods of analysis

Regression analysis

Ranking analysis

Targeting median or upper-quartile pay

Useful questions to ask

Salary differentials

Pension

Testing benefits against the lifetime allowance

Testing benefits against the annual allowance

Unregistered arrangements

Transitional arrangements

Current pension provision

Other benefits and perquisites

Variable elements of remuneration

Annual bonus

Annual bonus deferral and co-investment plans

Long-term incentive plans

Share option plans

Performance share plans

Performance measures

The choice of measures

Total shareholder return (TSR)

Earnings per share (EPS)

Economic profit

Return on capital employed (ROCE)

Return on equity (ROE)

Measuring TSR relative to a comparator group

Probability of meeting TSR targets

Index-based TSR+2 approach

Other decisions that affect the calculation of TSR

Setting EPS targets

Probability of meeting EPS targets

EPS adjustments for International Accounting Standards

Vesting levels

Director shareholding requirements

Equity dilution

The balance of the package

Pulling it all together

5 Supporting the business strategy

Start up and initial public offering (IPO)

Private companies

IPO

Rapid growth

Mature and growing companies

Cost saving

Organic growth

Growth by acquisition

Impact of acquisitions

Setting the targets

Larger, mature businesses

Mergers, de-mergers and acquisitions – the threat from private equity

Turnaround

Conclusion

6 Reporting and explaining the deal

Communicating remuneration policy

A decade of pay turmoil

Avoiding crisis

Elements of a successful remuneration communication strategy

Summary

Disclosing the details annually

The 1990s

Rules and guidance

The directors’ remuneration report (DRR)

Remuneration committee

Remuneration policy

Performance graph

Aggregate directors’ remuneration

Directors’ emoluments and compensation

Directors’ share options

Long-term incentive schemes

Directors’ pension entitlements

In summary

7 Governance of senior executive remuneration

A brief history lesson

A new dawn

The governance framework around executive reward

Remuneration committee terms of reference

Membership of the committee

Attendance at the meeting

Advisors to the committee

Committee authority and remit

The process for determining remuneration

Other provisions

Further pieces in the governance jigsaw

The external dimension

The effective remuneration committee

Glossary

401(k)

A-Day

Admission

Alternative Investment Market (AIM)

Annual allowance

Annual report

Approved share plans

Articles of association

Association of British Insurers (ABI)

Average

Bad leaver

Balanced scorecard

Balance sheet

Benchmarking

Binomial model

Black-Scholes model

Boiling frog

Buyout

Cadbury Report

Capital employed

Capital gains tax (CGT)

Cash balance plans

Change of control

Cliff vesting

Co-investment plan

Combined Code

Company Share Option Plan (COSOP)

Comparator companies

Compromise agreement

Compulsory deferral

Constructive dismissal

Consumer Prices Index (CPI)

Correlation

Decile (upper and lower)

Deferral period

Deferred bonus plans

Defined benefit plan (DB plan)

Defined contribution plan (DC plan)

Dilution

Directors’ Remuneration Report Regulations 2002

Discount rate

Dividend

Dividend yield

Domicile

Due diligence

Earnings cap (1989)

Earnings per share (EPS)

EBITDA

Economic profit

Employee benefit trust

Enhanced protection

Enterprise Management Incentive Plan (EMI)

Equity dilution

Equity settled stock appreciation rights (ESARs)

Executive director

Exercise

Exercise period

Exercise price

Ex gratia

Expatriate

Expected life

Expected value

Fair value

Final salary plan

Financial Reporting Council (FRC)

Financial Services Authority (FSA)

Fixed compensation

Forfeiture

Forfeiture period

Free shares

FRS20

FTSE

Funded Unapproved Retirement Benefit Schemes (FURBS)

Furlough

Gardening leave

Gearing

Good leaver

Greenbury Report

Hampel Report

Higgs Report

HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC)

Holding period

Incumbent

Indemnity

International Accounting Standards (IAS)

International Financial Reporting Standard 2 (IFRS 2)

Intrinsic value

IPO

Key performance indicator (KPI)

Lifetime allowance

Linear regression

Liquidated damages

Listing Rules

Long-term incentive plan (LTIP)

Long-term performance

Main market

Matching shares

Mean

Mitigation

Money purchase plan

National Association of Pension Funds (NAPF)

Net asset value (NAV)

Nil-cost options

Non-executive directors

Notice period

Option pricing model

Option term

Ordinary resolution

Organic growth

Outlier

Partnership shares

Payment in lieu of notice (PILON)

PBIT

Pension accrual

Pension deficit

Performance conditions

Performance share plan (PSP)

Perquisite (‘perk’)

Phantom options

Power of attorney

Present value

Primary protection

Private equity

Projected value

Quartile (upper and lower)

Quintile (upper and lower)

Quoted company

Ranking analysis

Regression analysis

Remuneration committee

Repatriation

Research Recommendations Electronic Voting (RREV)

Restricted shares or stock

Restrictive covenant

Retail Prices Index (RPI)

Re-testing

Return on capital employed (ROCE)

Return on equity (ROE)

Risk-free rate

Rolling re-testing

Run rate

Save As You Earn (SAYE)

Scaled vesting

Schedule 7A

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Service agreement

Shareholder value

Shareholding

Share Incentive Plan (SIP)

Share options

Short-term performance

Special resolution

Spot price

Stock appreciation rights (SARs)

Stock options

Termination payments

Term sheet

Time value

Total cash

Total direct compensation

Total remuneration

Total shareholder return (TSR)

Transfer value

Treasury shares

UK GAAP

Underpin

Unfunded Unapproved Retirement Benefit Schemes (UURBS)

Variable compensation

Vest

Vesting period

Volatility (share price)

Voluntary deferral

Weighted average cost of capital (WACC)

Index

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