Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I External Contributions to Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries

Chapter 1 The Magnetosphere of the Earth under Sub-Alfvénic Solar Wind Conditions as Observed on 24 and 25 May 2002

1.1. INTRODUCTION

1.2. ALFVÉN WINGS: THEORY

1.3. PREVALENCE OF SUB-ALFVÉNIC SOLAR WIND CONDITIONS AT EARTH

1.4. ALFVÉN WINGS AT EARTH: OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE

1.5. NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS

1.6. CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 Dayside Magnetosphere Response to Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Changes: Propagation Geometry and Speed

2.1. INTRODUCTION

2.2. ANALYSIS

2.3. DISCUSSION

2.4. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 3 Magnetopause Plasma Parameters and Asymmetries in Solar Wind–Magnetosphere Coupling

3.1. INTRODUCTION

3.2. PLASMA PARAMETERS

3.3. IMPLICATIONS FOR SOLAR WIND–MAGNETOSPHERE COUPLING

3.4. CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 4 Large-Scale Simulations of Solar Wind Ion Entry and Dayside Precipitation: Dawn-Dusk Asymmetry

4.1. INTRODUCTION

4.2. MODELS

4.3. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 5 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries of the Earth’s Dayside Magnetosheath in the Magnetosheath Interplanetary Medium Reference Frame

5.1. INTRODUCTION

5.2. DATA PROCESSING

5.3. MAGNETOSHEATH DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRIES

5.4. DISCUSSION

5.5. CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 6 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries at the Terrestrial Magnetopause: Observations

6.1. INTRODUCTION

6.2. OBSERVATIONS OF THE FLANK MAGNETOPAUSE

6.3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLANK MAGNETOPAUSE

6.4. DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 7 Magnetopause Thickness at the Dawn and Dusk Flanks

7.1. INTRODUCTION

7.2. METHODOLOGY

7.3. SUBSOLAR MAGNETOPAUSE STRUCTURE

7.5. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 8 On IMF By-Induced Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Earthward Convective Fast Flows

8.1. INTRODUCTION

8.2. DATA

8.3. RESULTS

8.4. DISCUSSION

8.5. CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 9 Time-Dependence of Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in the Terrestrial Ionospheric Convection Pattern

9.1. INTRODUCTION

9.2. IMF CONTROL OF THE IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION PATTERN

9.3. MAGNETOTAIL CONTROL OF THE IONOSPHERIC CONVECTION PATTERN

9.4. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 10 The Role of the Upper Atmosphere for Dawn-Dusk Differences in the Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System

10.1. INTRODUCTION

10.2. THE LARGE-SCALE CONVECTION ELECTRIC FIELD

10.3. THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE/IONOSPHERE

10.4. DISCUSSION

10.5. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 11 Surveys of 557.7/630.0 nm Dayside Auroral Emissions in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, and South Pole Station

11.1. INTRODUCTION

11.2. DATA AND METHODS

11.3. RESULTS

11.4. DISCUSSION

11.5. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Part II Internal Contributions to Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries

Chapter 12 Aspects of the Morning/Afternoon Asymmetry of Geomagnetic Fluctuations at Middle and Low Frequencies

12.1. INTRODUCTION

12.2. GENERAL ASPECTS

12.3. THE MIDDLE FREQUENCY RANGE (f ≈ 10–100 mHz)

12.4. THE LOW-FREQUENCY RANGE (f ≈ 1–10 mHz)

12.5. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 13 Premidnight Preponderance of Dispersionless Ion and Electron Injections

13.1. INTRODUCTION

13.2. GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS

13.3. OBSERVATIONS FROM THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE THROUGH THE MIDTAIL

13.4. RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER PHENOMENA

13.5. DISCUSSION

13.6. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 14 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Ultra-Low-Frequency Waves

14.1. WHAT ARE ULF WAVES?

14.2. LONG-PERIOD ULF WAVES: WHY THE ASYMMETRY?

14.3. SHORTER PERIOD ULF WAVES: WHY THE ASYMMETRY?

14.4. CONSEQUENCES OF DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRIES

14.5. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 15 Spatial Structure and Asymmetries of Magnetospheric Currents Inferred from High-Resolution Empirical Geomagnetic Field Models

15.1. INTRODUCTION

15.2. APPROACH

15.3. LIMITATIONS OF TS07D: FIELD‐ALIGNED CURRENT MODULE CHALLENGE

15.4. EMPIRICAL MAGNETIC FIELD AND CURRENT STRUCTURE RESULTING FROM THE NEW FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENT MODEL

15.5. EFFECTS OF THE NUMBER OF FAC ELEMENTS, IMF By AND THE INCREASE OF THE EQUATORIAL CURRENT RESOLUTION

15.6. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 16 A Review of Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries Observed Using the TWINS Mission of Opportunity

16.1. INTRODUCTION

16.2. TWINS MISSION AND INSTRUMENTS

16.3. RING CURRENT DYNAMICS

16.4. INNER-MAGNETOSPHERE COMPOSITION

16.5. ION TEMPERATURE CALCULATIONS

16.6. LOW-ALTITUDE EMISSIONS

16.7. GEOCORONA

16.8. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 17 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries of Solar-Wind–Magnetosphere Coupling in the Earth’s Midtail

17.1. INTRODUCTION

17.2. DATA

17.3. MANTLE PLASMA

17.4. HOT ELECTRON ENHANCEMENTS

17.5. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 18 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Magnetotail Transients

18.1. MAGNETOTAIL TRANSIENTS: AN INTRODUCTION

18.2. COORDINATE SYSTEMS

18.3. LOCALIZATION OF MAGNETOTAIL RECONNECTION

18.4. BURSTY BULK FLOWS AND FLOW BURSTS IN THE NEAR EARTH PLASMA SHEET

18.5. DIPOLARIZATION FRONTS AND RAPID FLUX TRANSPORT EVENTS

18.6. ROLE OF RFT/DFBs IN GLOBAL PRESSURE REDISTRIBUTION

18.7. TRANSIENTS IN THE MID-DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL

18.8. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 19 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in the Near-Earth Plasma Sheet: Ion Observations

19.1. INTRODUCTION

19.2. OBSERVATIONS

19.3. OPEN QUESTIONS

19.4. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 20 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in the Auroral Particle Precipitation and Their Modulations by Substorms

20.1. INTRODUCTION

20.2. DIFFUSE ELECTRON AURORA

20.3. BROADBAND ELECTRON AURORA

20.4. MONOENERGETIC ELECTRON AURORA

20.5. ION AURORA

20.6. QUANTIFYING THE NIGHTSIDE ELECTRON AURORAL POWER INCREASE BY SUBSTORMS

20.7. THE DURATIONS OF SUBSTORM CYCLE AND PHASES FROM ELECTRON PRECIPITATION PERSPECTIVE

20.8. THE ELECTRON AURORAL DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY MODULATIONS BY SUBSTORMS

20.9. IS THERE ANY LINK BETWEEN BROADBAND AND MONOENERGETIC ELECTRONS?

20.10. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 21 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries of Ionospheric Outflow

21.1. INTRODUCTION

21.2. ASYMMETRIC ENERGIZATION IN THE IONOSPHERE

21.3. ASYMMETRIC TRANSPORTATION OF OUTFLOW IONS

21.4. SUMMARY

REFERENCES

Chapter 22 Conjugate Aurora Location During a Strong IMF By Storm

22.1. INTRODUCTION

22.2. DATA ANALYSIS AND MODELING

22.3. RESULTS

22.4. DISCUSSION

22.5. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 23 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Auroral Morphology and Processes

23.1. INTRODUCTION

23.2. GLOBAL AURORAL OVAL ASYMMETRIES

23.3. ASYMMETRIES OF AURORAL PROCESSES

23.4. IMF AND GLOBAL CONDUCTIVITY DEPENDENCES

23.5. ASYMMETRIES ASSOCIATED WITH SUBSTORMS AND BURSTY BULK FLOWS

23.6. AURORA OUTSIDE OF THE MAIN OVAL

23.7. SUMMARY

REFERENCES

Part III Dawn Dusk Asymmetries in Other Planets

Chapter 24 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Jupiter’s Magnetosphere

24.1. INTRODUCTION

24.2. PLASMA FLOW AROUND JUPITER

24.6. AURORAL EMISSIONS

24.8. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 25 Local Time Asymmetries in Saturn’s Magnetosphere

25.1. INTRODUCTION

25.2. ULTRAVIOLET AURORA

25.3. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 26 Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Mercury’s Magnetosphere

26.1. INTRODUCTION

26.2. STRUCTURAL AND SEASONAL ASYMMETRIES

26.3. BOW SHOCK AND MAGNETOSHEATH ASYMMETRIES

26.4. HEAVY PLANETARY IONS

26.5. THE KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY

26.6. THE LOW-LATITUDE BOUNDARY LAYER (LLBL)

26.7. MAGNETOSPHERIC WAVES

26.8. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Index

EULA