Cover

Global Climate Change and Coastal Tourism: Recognizing Problems, Managing Solutions and Future Expectations

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

About the Authors

Editors

Contributors

Foreword

Preface

1 Introduction – Coastal Tourism and Climate Change: Current Narratives and Discourse

Background: From ‘Sun, Sea and Sand’ to the IPPC – Problem Recognition and Identification

Problem Responses and Contemporary Policy Frameworks

Summary

References

2 A Rapidly Changing Climate in an Era of Increasing Global Carbon Emissions

Introduction

Vigilance of the Climate System

Climate Change Impacts and their Implications on Global Security

Current Quick Fixes

Short- Versus Long-term Actions

Conclusion

Notes

References

3 Integrated Coastal Zone Management: Policy Evolution and Effective Implementation?

Introduction

Climate Change, Coastal Processes and Shoreline Management

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Case Study: Fairbourne, Wales, UK

Discussion

Conclusions and Recommendations

References

4 Climate Change and Tourism Sustainability – The Red Queen Theory: Tourists as Climate Refugees

Introduction

Sustainability and Climate Change

Sustainability’s fit with climate change

What is sustainability for tourism?

Reinforcing circles

Tourist Refugees

Who should be responsible for them?

Climate refugees

Destinations and Coastal Regions

Vulnerability

Resilience

The Red Queen Theory

Actions and Policy Changes at Destinations

Conclusion

References

5 Climate Change and its Impacts on Coastal Tourism: Regional Assessments, Gaps and Issues

Introduction

Assessment of Threats

Identifying the Most Vulnerable Coastal Destinations

Conclusions

References

6 Assessing the Climate Change Risk of a Coastal-Island Destination

Introduction

Coastal Tourism in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

Multi-dimensionality of Climate Change Impacts on Coastal Tourism

Direct climatic impacts

Indirect climate-induced environmental change

Indirect climate-induced socio-economic change

Mitigation and adaptation in other sectors

Interdependencies of climate change impact pathways

A Climate Change Vulnerability Index for SIDS Tourism

Conclusion

References

7 Climate Change Governance and Trade Policy: Challenges for Travel and Tourism in Small Island Developing States

Introduction

Climate Change Governance and Trade Policies

Climate Change Governance and Travel and Tourism Regulation

The Aviation Sector

Marine Transport

Climate Change, Travel, Tourism and SIDS

The Case of the Caribbean and the UK Airline Passenger Duties

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

8 Case Study Ireland: Coastal Tourism and Climate Change in Ireland

Introduction

Tourism in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

Visitor Flows, Participation and Principal Attractions

Coastal Regions as Tourist Spaces

The Climate of Ireland in Relation to Tourism

Climate Change and the Irish Coast

Climate Change and Irish Coastal Tourism

References

Websites

9 Case Study Italy: The Tourism Management of Climate Change in the Mediterranean Region: Adaptation Strategies in Sardinia and Sicily

Introduction

Overview on Climate Change Adaptation

Exploring Adaptation Responses in Sicily and Sardinia

Tourism features

Climate change adaptation views of tourism stakeholders

Conclusions

References

10 Case Study Portugal: Addressing Tourism development and Climate Change in Small Atlantic Islands: the Case of the Azores

Introduction

Background on the Study Area

Coastal Tourism in the Azores

Climate Change Policies

Current Effort in the Azores

Climate Change in the Azores and its Associated Effects on the Coasts

Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Tourism in the Azores

Coastal Vulnerability Assessment: a Tool for Atlantic Island Management

Conclusions and Recommendations

References

11 Case Study Malta: Climate Change and Tourism: Risks, Hazards and Resilience – An Island Perspective

Introduction

Malta and the Mediterranean – Tourism Growth and Climate Change

Current Risks and Hazards

Future Resilience: Malta at a Crossroads

Conclusion: Risk Hazard and Resilience – Getting the Balance Right

References

12 Case Study Iceland: Climate Change and Tourism Sustainability and its Effects on Icelandic Coastal Destinations

Introduction

Eyjafjallajökull and the Icelandic Banking Crash: Success out of Natural and Economic Disasters?

Other Tourism Factors

Geography of Iceland

Icelandic Sustainability and Global Sustainable Tourism Council

Climate Change Effects on Iceland

Rising sea levels

Increase in precipitation

Increased temperature changes

Extreme weather

Resilience

Adaptation

Examples of adaptation

Market Changes and Effects on Iceland

Conclusion

References

13 Case Study Barbados: Policy, Practice and Science: Perspectives on Climate Change and Tourism in Barbados – Conflict or Congruence?

Introduction

Climate Change: Assessing Problems and Challenges

Climate change implications for the Barbados tourism sector

Research Context

Climate Change – Managing Solutions

Conclusions: Future Expectations

Notes

References

14 Case Study Mexico: Riviera Maya – How is the Riviera Maya Tourism Industry Dealing with Climate Change? An Overview of Non-climatic Stressors that Determine the Destination’s Vulnerability to Climate Change

Introduction: The Riviera Maya

Research Context

Climate Change: Assessing Problems and Challenges: From Scientific Reports to Stakeholders’ Perceptions

Climate change in Riviera Maya: scientific reports

Climate change in Riviera Maya: stakeholders’ perceptions

Climate Change: Managing Solutions: Policy Context, Key Actors, Roles and Coordination

Policy context

Key actors and roles

Coordination

Conclusions: Future Expectations

References

15 Case Study Dubai: A Theme Park Approach to Climate Change

Introduction

Dubai’s Cultural Environmental Agenda and the Myth of Sustainability

Dubai’s Economic Agenda

Conclusion

References

16 Case Study Vietnam: Climate Change Impacts on UNESCO World Heritage – The Case of Hoi An Ancient Town

Introduction

Research Context

Climate Change: Assessing Problems and Challenges

Climate Change: Managing Solutions

Conclusions: Future Expectations

References

17 Case Study Sri Lanka: Climate Change Challenges for the Sri Lankan Tourism Industry

Introduction

The Sri Lankan Tourism Industry

Climate Change: Assessing Problems and Challenges

The Sri Lankan tourism industry

Climate Change: Managing Solutions

Conclusion

References

18 Case Study Bangladesh: Addressing Climate Change Effects on Coastal Tourism in St Martin’s Island of Bangladesh

Introduction

Research Context

Climate Change: Assessing Problems and Challenges

Possible effects of climate change

Climate Change: Managing Solutions for Tourism Practices

Conclusions: Future Expectations

References

19 Case Study Vietnam: Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of Coastal Tourism in Cu Lao Cham Island

Introduction

Cu Lao Cham Island

Methods

Results

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Conclusion

References

20 Case Study New Zealand: Planning Responses to Coastal Climate Change Risks: The Case of Christchurch and the Akaroa Harbour, New Zealand

Introduction

The Location

Assessment of Sea Level Rise

Impacts of sea level rise

How accurate is it?

Planning for Sea Level Rise

Planning in Christchurch

Conclusions

References

21 Case Study Turkey: Climate Change and Coastal Tourism: Impacts of Climate Change on the Turquoise Coast

Introduction: The Case of the Turquoise Coast

Research Context

Climate Change: Assessing Problems and Challenges

Sea level rise

Changes in touristic climate comfort and heatwaves

Changes in the frequencies of strong wind and heavy rainfall events

Changes in wind conditions suitable for surf tourism

Aridification versus golf tourism growth-led water consumption

Rise of the red coral?

Conclusion

References

22 Case Study Israel: Coastal Tourism, Coastal Planning and Climate Change in Israel

Introduction

The Coast and Climate Change

Adapting to Climate Change

Conclusions

References

23 Case Study Antarctica: Up Against the Ice Barrier: Antarctic Tourism Operators Prepare for the Polar Shipping Code

Introduction

Research Context

Climate Change: Assessing Problems and Challenges

Climate Change: Managing Solutions – The Polar Code

Classification societies’ involvement in the Polar Code

Ship insurers’ involvement in the Polar Code

State responsibility for implementing the Polar Code

Industry involvement in implementing the Polar Code

Conclusions: Future Expectations

Acknowledgements

Notes

References

24 Case Study Morocco: Mediterranean Morocco, a Vulnerable Development Called into Question

Introduction

Research Context

Climate Change: Assessing the Problems and Challenges

Northern Cape

Mediterranean Morocco

Focus: tourism development, vulnerability and participation in the Al Hoceima area.

Climate Change: Managing Solutions

Conclusions: Future Expectations

Notes

References

25 Case Study Zanzibar: Climate Change and Tourism in Zanzibar: Interrogating Impacts and Interventions

Introduction

Tourism Development in Zanzibar

Methodology

Climate Change and Non-climate Stressors: Assessing the Impacts in Zanzibar

Climate Change Policies

Discourse

Actors

Rules

Resources

Conclusion

References

26 Climate Change and Coastal Tourism – A Global Perspective: Recognizing Problems – Managing Solutions – Future Expectations

Introduction

Recognizing Problems

Managing Solutions

Strategic planning

Capacity building

Protective, adaptive and mitigation measures

Meeting Future Expectations

Market change

Tourism planning, management and innovation

Infrastructure

Skills, education and capacity

Summary

Reference

Index

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