Chapter 4 Searching for Biological Markers of Personality: Are There Neuroendocrine Markers of Anxiety?

1. Introduction

1.1. Defining the concepts underlying differences in emotional reactivity

1.2. An overview of the HPA axis and other physiological stress markers

1.3. Are the intensity and nature of the stressor important for characterizing individual differences?

2. Neuroendocrinology of anxiety in humans

2.1. General considerations

2.2. Neuroendocrinology of anxiety in healthy subjects

2.3. Neuroendocrinology of anxiety disorders

3. Emotionality, anxiety and neuroendocrine markers in selected rat lines

3.1. Selection on the basis of defecation rate: Maudsley reactive (MR) and Maudsley non-reactive (MRN) rats

3.2. Selection on the basis of the EPM: high anxiety and low anxiety rats (HAB, LAB)

3.3. Selection on the basis of active avoidance performance

4. General conclusions

Author details

References