Cover

Front Matter

Contents

Preface

Innate Immunity

The Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung

Introduction

Innate Immunity’s Resurrection: How It Perceives Infection

Innate Immunity’s Vibrancy: How Does It Promote Diseases?

Innate Immunity and the Gut: How It Impacts Gut Microbiota Homeostasis

Concluding Remarks

Chapter 1: Innate Immunity and Inflammation

Innate Immunity, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

Results

Discussion

References

Immunobiology of C-Type Lectin Receptors

Abstract

Danger Recognition by C-Type Lectin Receptors

C-Type Lectin Receptor Effector Pathways

Conclusions

References

Mechanisms of IL-1beta Maturation in Neutrophils

Abstract

Neutrophils at the Interface of an Inflammatory Response

Synthesis and Maturation of IL-1beta

The Inflammasomes

Caspase 1-Independent Release of IL-1

Mechanism of Secretion of IL-1beta by Neutrophils

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 2: Innate Immunity and Transplantation

The Innate Immune System: Its Rediscovery before Toll Was Described

Abstract

References

Innate-Adaptive Immune Responses in Organ Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Abstract

Introduction

Toll-Like Receptor System in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Triggered Innate Immune Activation

Non-Toll-Like Receptors in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Mediated Innate Immune Activation

IL-10 in Ischemia/Reperfusion Innate Immune Signaling

T Cells in Ischemia/Reperfusion Innate Immune Activation

Conclusion

References

Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Transplantation: From Preclinical to Clinical Application

Abstract

Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Animal Models

Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Humans

From Bench to Bedside

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 3: Innate Immunity and Intestinal Microbiota

Microbiota’s Influence on Immunity

Abstract

Gut Clostridia Affect the Immune System

Regulatory T Cells in the Gut

Clostridia-Mediated Treg Cell Induction

Conclusion

References

Inflammasomes and Mucosal Immune Response

Abstract

Inflammasome Activation and Function

Inflammasomes and the Intestinal Mucosal Immune Response

The Inflammasome and Carcinogenesis

Inflammasomes as Regulators of Metabolic Disorders

References

Microbial Endocrinology: An Evolution-Based Shared Mechanism Determining Microbiota’s Influence on Health and Disease

Abstract

Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 4: Innate Immunity and Disease Promotion

Standing Guard: Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Immunity and Tissue Homeostasis at Barrier Surfaces

Abstract

Identification of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells

Identification of Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Lungs of Mice and Humans

Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Regulate Airway Inflammation

Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Airway Epithelial Repair

A Role for Lung Innate Lymphoid Cells in Anti-Helminth Immunity?

Implications for Targeting Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Disease

Identification of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells

ROR gammat+ Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Protective Immunity against Enteric Pathogens

Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Extraintestinal Tissue Regeneration

Innate Lymphoid Cells Regulate Containment of Commensal Bacteria to Maintain Homeostasis

Targeting Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Disease

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Note Added in Proof

miRNAs That Shape the Innate Immune System: Regulation through Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

Abstract

Results

Conclusions

References

Type 2 Diabetes and Islet Inflammation

Abstract

Evidence for an Islet Inflammatory Process inbeta-Cell Failure during Type 2 Diabetes

Regulation of IL-1beta Expression by Nutrients in Human Islets

The Inflammasome as a Sensor of Metabolic Stress

IL-1 Is a Master Regulator of Tissue and Islet Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes

Role of Insulitis in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: From Islet Adaptation to Failure

Clinical Validation and Therapeutic Consequences

References

The Innate Immune System in Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Misfolded Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

Microglia and IL-1beta in Alzheimer’s Disease

Misfolded Proteins as Activators of the Inflammasome

Conclusions

References

Role of Inflammasomes in Obesity

Abstract

References

Gut-Brain Communication in the Regulation of System Metabolism

Abstract

Ghrelin

Insulin

Amylin

Cholecystokinin

Cleavage Products of Proglucagon

References

Chapter 5: Drosophila and Immunity

Metabolism and Innate Immunity: FOXO Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides in Drosophila

Abstract

The Innate Immune System

Antimicrobial Peptides

The Drosophila Immune Pathways

Local and Systemic Immune Defense

Insulin Signaling and the FOXO Transcription Factor

FOXO-Dependent Regulation of Antimicrobial Peptides

Drosophila Innate Immunity and the Gut Microflora Community

Receptors for Antimicrobial Peptides in the Brain of Drosophila?

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 6: Innate Signaling and Adaptive Immunity

Dendritic Cells Orchestrate Innate Immunity against Bacterial Kidney Infection

Abstract

Results

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 7: Speakers at the Symposium

Speakers at the Symposium

David Artis, PhD

Bruce Beutler, MD

Maria Cristina Cuturi, MD

Vishva Dixit, MD

Vishwa Deep Dixit, DVM, PhD

Marc Y. Donath, MD

Richard Flavell, PhD

Anne Halle, MD

Michael Hoch, PhD

Kenya Honda, MD, PhD

Veit Hornung, MD

Michael Karin, PhD

Daniel Kastner, MD, PhD

Jerzy Kupiec-Weglinski, MD, PhD

Christian Kurts, MD

Walter G. Land, MD

Eike Latz, MD

Mark Lyte, PhD

Luke O’Neill, PhD

Eyal Raz, MD

Jürgen Ruland, MD

Matthias Tschöp, MD

Harald von Boehmer, MD, PhD

Editors

Hermann Wagner, MD, PhD

Gunther Hartmann, MD, PhD

Author Index

Subject Index

Cover