Chapter
Chapter II Emerging Targets and Novel Nanotechnology-based Strategies: Changing the Treatment Paradigm in Oncology
1. Understanding Tumor Development, Progression and Metastases: The Hallmarks of Cancer
2. Successes and Challenges of Targeted Technologies
2.1. The Problem of Conventional Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment
2.2. The Quest for Specificity - Emerging Targets in Cancer Therapy
2.2.1. Targeting Tumor Cells and their Deregulated Signaling Pathways
2.2.1.1. Signaling Pathways
2.2.1.2. Cancer Stem Cells
2.3. Targeting Tumor Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment - The New Paradigm in Cancer Treatment
2.3.1. Tumor-stroma Interactions and Mechanical Forces
2.3.2. The “Seed and Soil” Theory in Metastases Development
2.3.3. The Inflammatory Process and the Immune System
2.3.4.2. Why Target Tumor Angiogenesis in Cancer Treatment?
2.3.4. Important Aspects for Successful Vascular Targeting
2.3.4.1. Target Selection
2.3.4.2. Ligand Selection - Phage Display Libraries
2.3.4.5. Anti-angiogenic and Vascular Disrupting Agents
2.4. Effective Strategies for Targeting the Tumor and its Microenvironment
2.4.1. Drug Delivery Systems
2.4.2. Lipid-based Targeted Nanocarriers
2.4.2.1. Controlled-release
2.4.2.2. Active Targeting – Ligand Functionalized Surface
Chapter III Biological and Clinical Relevance of Neural Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis of Childhood Medulloblastoma
Incidence of Childhood Brain Tumours
Brain Tumour Classification an Historical Perspective
Current Therapy for Medulloblastoma
Neurogenesis and Cerebellar Development
Histology and Cytogenetics of Medulloblastoma
Histogenesis of Medulloblastoma
Molecular Pathogenesis of Medulloblastoma
Sonic Hedgehog Signalling
From Genes to Genomes - Molecular Signatures
Medulloblastoma and the Cancer Stem Cell Theory
CD133 Expression is a Marker for Cells with Stem Cell Characteristics
Brain Tumour Stem Cells and Their Relationship to Neural Stem Cells
Terminally Differentiated Cells as Precursors for Brain Tumour Stem Cells
Committed Neural Progenitor Cells as Precursors for Brain Tumour Stem Cells
Neural Stem Cells as Precursors of Brain Tumour Stem Cells
Identification and Isolation of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Tumour Stem Cells
Therapeutic Implications of the Brain Tumour Stem Cell Theory
Modelling Medulloblastoma Pathogenesis
Neural Stem Cell-Based Approaches for In Vitro Modelling of Human Medulloblastoma
Generation and Isolation of Neural Stem Cells
Genetic Manipulation of Neural Stem Cells
Future Directions for Modelling Human Medulloblastoma
Chapter IV Laparoscopy and “Robotics” in Cervical Cancer Treatment: Current Insights, Novel Approaches and Future Perspectives in the New Era of Gynecological Surgery
Cervical Cancer Staging and Radical Hysterectomy Classification
Evolution of Surgery in Cervical Cancer
Laparoscopic and Robotic-assisted Approaches in Gynaecological Malignancies
The History of Laparoscopy in Cervical Cancer
Total Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy for Cervical Cancer
Contra-indications to Laparoscopic Surgery for Gynecological Oncology
Total Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomies
The Problem of Lymph-node in Endoscopic Lymphadenectomy
Robotic-Assisted Trachelectomy
Comparison between Laparoscopy and Robotic in Radical Hysterectomy
Complications of Endoscopy in Cervical Cancer
Debate on Robotic Approach in Cervical Cancer Surgery
Drawbacks of Literature Concerning Robotic Surgery in Gynaecological Oncology
Pro and Contra of Robotic Assisted Surgery in Cervical Cancer Surgery
Future Developments and New Frontiers: the Alf-x Telelap – The renaissance of abdominal surgery
Chapter V Malignant Glioma: Challenges, Advances and Perspectives for Treatment
I. Classification and Grading of Brain Tumours
II. Current Status of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities
Historical Review and Current Status
III. Experimental Therapies
III. a. Virus-based Therapies
III. b. Stem-cell Based Therapies
III. c. Antiangiogenesis Therapy
IV. New Avenues to Glioma Cell Therapy
IV. a. Understanding Glioma Biology
IV. b. Future Perspectives for Intraoperative Imaging in Brain Tumour Surgery
Chapter VI Surgical Treatment of Invasive Cervical Cancer
Class II versus Class III Radical Hysterectomy
Total Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy
Robotic Radical Hysterectomy
Residual Cervical Carcinoma
Radical Hysterectomy for Stage IIb
Chapter VII Recent Advances in Glioma Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy in Glioblastoma
Gas1 as a Therapeutic Protein
Chapter VIII Congenital Tumors of the Central Nervous System
Clinical Symptoms, Prenatal Diagnosis and Complications
Other Rare Congenital Tumors of the CNS
Chapter IX Management of Recurrent Cervical Carcinoma
Epidemiological Characteristics
Clinical Evaluation of the Patient
Description of the Operation
Laparotomic Versus Laparoscopic Pelvic Exenteration
The Da Vinci Surgical System Experience.
Role of Chemotherapy - Palliative Treatment
Role of Imatinib, Bevacizumab and other Proposed Techniques
Chapter X Real-Time Tumor Targeting in External Beam Radiotherapy
Tumor Targeting Error Theory
State of the Art Analysis
Chapter XI Review of Tumours of the Paranasal Sinuses Based on 14 Cases*
Preoperative Embolisation
Lymphadenectomy (Table 2, Figure 4)
Brain Cancer, Tumor Targeting and Cervical Cancer
( Cancer Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatments )
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