Description
Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Biomass Torrefaction: For Biofuels and Value-Added Products presents a firm foundation of torrefaction technologies and their economic and sustainability aspects. It offers a theoretical background in the underlying principles of torrefaction reactions, including thermodynamics, chemical reactions, process modeling, end-products, and value-added products such as biochar and torr-gas. It also provides an overview of best practices in torrefaction systems, reactor design and scale-up, and compares torrefaction with other thermochemical processing technologies.
The authors discuss feedstock availability for a variety of biomass types, such as agricultural residues, woody residues, energy crops and municipal solid waste. They also examine logistics and markets for torrefied products, which includes their use in co-firing and combined heat and power generation, as well as emissions and other environmental aspects. This balanced and thorough approach to the subject matter makes this an excellent resource for engineers, researchers, and graduate students in the field of biomass conversion, especially with background in energy engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, biological engineering, and agriculture.
- Offers a comprehensive overview of torrefaction, balancing theoretical and applied perspectives of torrefaction technologies from a holistic perspective
- Examines eco
Chapter
Chapter One: Introduction to Thermochemical Conversion Processes
1.1. Motivation—A Need for Sustainable Energy and Products
1.2. Biobased Energy and Products
1.4. Classifying Thermochemical Conversion Pathways
1.5. History of Torrefaction
Chapter Two: Introduction to Feedstocks
2.1. Classifying Biomass Feedstocks
2.1.1. Dedicated Energy Crops
2.1.2. Residues and Wastes
2.2. Harvesting and Transporting Feedstocks
2.2.1. Benefits and Drawbacks of Harvesting Crop Residues
2.3. Case Study: Determining the Availability of Corn Stover for Torrefaction
2.3.1. Availability of Wheat Stover Residue
2.4. Composition of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Chapter Three: Fundamental Theories of Torrefaction by Thermochemical Conversion
3.1. Temperature and Residence Time's Implications on Torrefaction
3.1.1. Mass and Energy Yield
3.1.2. Thermal Degradation Behavior of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks
3.2.1. Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics
3.2.2. Product Distribution and Composition
3.2.3. Effects of Process Parameters
3.3.1. Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics
3.4. Properties of Torrefied Biomass
3.4.1. Pelletization and Grindability
3.4.3. Elemental Analysis
3.4.4. Proximate Analysis
Chapter Four: Design Practices for Torrefaction Systems
4.1. Grinding and Drying Systems
4.2.2. Continuous Flow System
4.3. Energy Capture and Reclamation
4.3.1. Heat Recovery System
4.3.2. Torr-Gas Capture and Utilization
4.4. Post-Processing of Torrefied Products
4.5. Examples of Torrefaction Systems
Chapter Five: Techno-Economic Considerations of Torrefaction
5.1. Markets for Torrefied Products
5.2. Adding Value to Biomass
5.4. Additional Value-Added Bioproducts
5.5. System Economics/Calculating the Overall Rate of Return
System Energy Requirements
5.5.1. Techno-Economic Parameters
Operating and Maintenance
5.6. Techno-Economic Examples of Torrefaction Systems
5.6.1. Example 1: Torrefaction System With Heat Recovery and Torr-Gas Reclamation
5.6.2. Example 2: Impact of Energy Recovery on a Torrefaction System
5.6.3. Example 3: Economic Aspects of Torrefaction Systems
Chapter Six: Torrefaction Bioenergy Generation
6.1.3. System Effects and Efficiencies
6.2. Torrefied Biomass vs. Coal for Power Generation
6.2.1. Technical Considerations
6.2.2. Advantages/Challenges
6.3. Cofiring in Existing Coal Fired Power Plants
6.3.2. Cofiring Torrefied Biomass
6.4. Combined Heat and Power
6.4.1. Heat & Power Generation Basics
6.4.2. Combined Heat, Power, and Cooling
End of Chapter Sample Problems
Chapter Seven: Torrefaction Bioenergy Applications
7.1.3. Off-Grid Applications
7.2. Energy System Examples
7.2.2. Distributed (On-Farm) Applications
7.2.3. Distributed (Small Commercial)
7.2.4. Large Commercial and Community Systems
7.2.5. Industrial Systems
End of Chapter Sample Problems
Chapter Eight: Environmental Considerations of Torrefaction
8.1. Motivation—Our World in the Balance
8.2. Environmental Considerations of Feedstocks
8.3. Environmental Considerations of Torrefaction Processing
8.3.1. Energy Requirements
8.3.3. Health and Safety of Torrefaction Refinery Operators
8.3.4. Environmental Risk Assessment Due to Abnormal Operations
8.4. Environmental Considerations of Utilizing Energy and Products Derived From Torrefied Biomass
8.5. Holistic Perspective of Torrefaction in the Bioeconomy
8.5.1. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
8.5.2. Life Cycle Analysis Example
8.6. Putting It All Together
Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Biomass Torrefaction
：For Biofuels and Value-Added Products
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