Chapter
1.3.3 Phonological structure
1.3.3.2 Syllabic patterns in English and Spanish and advice
1.3.3.3 Syllabic consonants
1.4 Phonetic transcription
1.4.1 The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
1.4.2 Types of phonetic transcription
1.5 Received Pronunciation (RP) and Peninsular Spanish (PSp)
1.6 A guide to the phonetic transcription of RP and PSp
2 The Production and Classification of Speech Sounds
2.2.1 The respiratory system and pulmonic sounds
2.2.2 The phonatory system, phonation modes and glottalic sounds
2.2.3 The articulatory system and velaric sounds
2.3 Articulatory features and classification of phonemes
2.3.1 Vowels and vowel glides
2.3.1.3 The cardinal vowels and the Cardinal Vowel Scale
2.3.1.4 Duration and energy of articulation
2.3.1.5 Steadiness of articulatory gesture
2.3.2.1 Voicing and energy of articulation
2.3.2.2 Place of articulation
2.3.2.3 Manner of articulation
2.3.2.5 Secondary articulation
2.4 Acoustic features of speech sounds
2.4.3 Consonants and glide consonants
3 Vowels and Vowel Glides
3.2 A comparison of English and Spanish pure vowels
3.2.1 Group 1: RP /iː ɪ/ vs. PSp /i/
3.2.2 Group 2: RP /e ɜː ə/ vs. PSp /e/
3.2.3 Group 3: RP /ʌ æ ɑː/ vs. PSp /a/
3.2.4 Group 4: RP /ɔː ɒ/ vs. PSp /o/
3.2.5 Group 5: RP /uː ʊ/ vs. PSp /u/
3.3 A comparison of English and Spanish vowel glides
3.3.1.1 RP /eɪ aɪ ɔɪ/ vs. PSp /ei̯ ai̯ oi̯/
3.3.1.2 RP /əʊ aʊ/ vs. PSp /eu̯ ou̯ au̯/
3.3.2 Centring diphthongs: RP /ɪə eə ʊə/
4.2 A comparison of English and Spanish consonants
4.2.1.1 Bilabial plosives /p b/
4.2.1.2 Alveolar plosives /t d/
4.2.1.3 Velar plosives /k g/
4.2.2.1 Labio-dental fricatives: RP /f v/ vs. PSp /f/
4.2.2.2 Dental fricatives: RP /θ ð/ vs. PSp /θ/
4.2.2.3 Alveolar fricatives: RP /s z/ vs. PSp /s/
4.2.2.4 RP palato-alveolar fricatives /ʃ ʒ/
4.2.2.5 RP glottal fricative /h/
4.2.3 Affricates: RP /tʃ dʒ/ vs. PSp /tʃ/
4.2.4 Nasals: RP /m n ŋ/ vs. PSp /m n ɲ/
4.2.5.1 Liquids: RP /r l/ vs. PSp /r ɾ l ʎ/
4.2.5.2 Glide consonants /j w/
5 Segment Dynamics: Aspects of Connected Speech
5.2 Co-articulation and allophonic variations of vowels and consonants
5.2.7 Place of articulation
5.2.8 Lenition and fortition
5.2.8.1 Affrication and fricativisation
5.2.8.2 Glottaling and glottalisation
5.3 Assimilation and phonemic variations
5.3.1 Place of articulation
5.3.2 Manner of articulation
5.3.3 Variations in voicing
5.3.4 Coalescent assimilation
5.7.1 Weak and strong forms
5.7.2 Neutralisation of weak forms
6 Beyond the Segment: Stress, Rhythm and Intonation
6.2.1 Stress-timed languages versus syllable-timed languages
6.2.2.2 Placement of stress
6.2.3.1 Rhythmical variations
6.2.3.3 Emphatic and contrastive patterns
6.3.1 Intonation groups and tonality
6.3.2 Structure of intonation groups and tonicity
6.3.3 Intonation patterns and tone
6.3.3.1 Simple tones: Falls and rises
6.3.3.2 Complex tones: Fall-rises and rise-falls
6.3.4 The functions of intonation
6.3.4.1 Attitudinal function
6.3.4.2 Accentual function
6.3.4.3 Grammatical function
6.3.4.4 Discourse function
6.3.4.5 Illocutionary function
6.4 The prosody of English and Spanish compared and advice
7 Predicting Pronunciation from Spelling (and Vice Versa)
7.2 Spelling-to-sound correspondences of vowels
7.2.1.1 Syllable division
7.2.1.2 The letter , and other V sounds: “Heavy” and “r-tense”
7.2.1.3 Different V sounds after /w/
7.2.1.4 Lax instead of tense
7.2.1.5 Tense instead of lax
7.3 Spelling-to-sound correspondences of consonants
7.3.1 Voicing and “silent” C letters
7.3.3 Other details of pronunciation
7.4 Sound-to-spelling correspondences
Further Exercises: Passages for Phonemic Transcription
Exercises Chapters 1 to 7
Further exercises: Passages for Phonemic Transcription