A Grammar of Lezgian ( Mouton Grammar Library MGL )

Publication series :Mouton Grammar Library MGL

Author: Martin Haspelmath  

Publisher: De Gruyter Mouton‎

Publication year: 1993

E-ISBN: 9783110884210

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9783110137354

Subject: H Language and Linguistics

Language: ENG

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Chapter

Preliminaries

pp.:  1 – 19

1. Introduction

pp.:  19 – 21

Abbreviations

pp.:  19 – 19

2. Lezgian and its speakers

pp.:  28 – 36

2.2. Lezgian dialects

pp.:  36 – 40

2.1. The Lezgians

pp.:  36 – 36

Phonology

pp.:  45 – 48

3. Segmental phonological units

pp.:  48 – 48

3.2. Vowels

pp.:  48 – 51

3.3. Consonants

pp.:  51 – 53

4. Phonotactics

pp.:  53 – 56

4.1. Vowel syncope

pp.:  56 – 56

4.2. Syllable structure

pp.:  56 – 60

4.3. Restrictions on the cooccurrence of consonants

pp.:  60 – 67

4.4. Vowel harmony

pp.:  67 – 68

4.5. Labial Obstruent-Vowel Harmony

pp.:  68 – 70

4.6. Neutralization of Obstruent Labialization

pp.:  70 – 70

5. Phonological and morphophonemic alternations

pp.:  70 – 72

5.2. Word-final Unaspirated Voicing

pp.:  72 – 73

5.1. Pre-ejective Ejective Aspiration

pp.:  72 – 72

5.3. Post-obstruent Aspirated Deaspiration

pp.:  73 – 75

5.5. Vowel harmony alternations

pp.:  75 – 76

5.4. Pre-obstruent Unaspirated Aspiration

pp.:  75 – 75

5.6. High Vowel Loss

pp.:  76 – 78

5.7. Labial Obstruent-Vowel Harmony alternations

pp.:  78 – 79

5.8. Metathesis of Labialization

pp.:  79 – 79

5.9. Word-final Ejective Aspiration

pp.:  79 – 80

5.10. Word-final Ejective Voicing

pp.:  80 – 81

5.12. Loss of /R/

pp.:  81 – 82

5.11. Unstressed Vowel Heightening

pp.:  81 – 81

5.13. Affricate Assimilation

pp.:  82 – 83

6. Word stress

pp.:  83 – 84

5.14. Dissimilatory loss of /r/

pp.:  83 – 83

6.2. Stress properties of suffixes

pp.:  84 – 87

6.1. Stress of roots

pp.:  84 – 84

6.3. Stress in post-syncope Lezgian

pp.:  87 – 90

Morphology

pp.:  90 – 91

7.1. Nominal inflection

pp.:  91 – 91

7.2. Functions of nominal inflectional categories

pp.:  91 – 101

7. Noun morphology

pp.:  91 – 91

7.3. Nominal derivation

pp.:  101 – 125

8. Adjective morphology

pp.:  125 – 130

8.1. Adjectival inflection

pp.:  130 – 130

8.2. Adjectival derivation

pp.:  130 – 140

9. Verbal inflection

pp.:  140 – 142

9.3. Verbal inflectional categories

pp.:  142 – 147

9.2. The three stems of strong verbs

pp.:  142 – 142

9.1. Introduction

pp.:  142 – 142

9.4. Illustrative partial paradigms

pp.:  147 – 155

9.5. Irregular verbs

pp.:  155 – 156

9.6. Functions of basic tense-aspect categories

pp.:  156 – 160

9.7. Periphrastic tense-aspect categories

pp.:  160 – 166

9.8. Functions of non-indicative finite verb forms

pp.:  166 – 169

9.9. Functions of non-finite verb forms

pp.:  169 – 173

9.10. Archaic verb forms

pp.:  173 – 178

10. Verbal derivation

pp.:  178 – 183

10.2. The anticausative

pp.:  183 – 185

10.1. The causative

pp.:  183 – 183

10.3. Preverbs

pp.:  185 – 187

10.4. The Repetitive

pp.:  187 – 194

10.5. The -lamiš-form

pp.:  194 – 197

10.6. Verbal compounds

pp.:  197 – 198

11. Pronouns

pp.:  198 – 204

11.3. Correlations between demonstratives, interrogatives and indefinites

pp.:  204 – 207

11.2. Reflexive pronouns

pp.:  204 – 204

11.1. Personal pronouns

pp.:  204 – 204

11.4. Demonstratives

pp.:  207 – 210

11.5. Interrogative pronouns

pp.:  210 – 212

11.6. Indefinite pronouns

pp.:  212 – 214

11.7. Other determiners

pp.:  214 – 220

12. Adverbs and postpositions

pp.:  220 – 225

12.1. Adverbs

pp.:  225 – 225

12.2. Postpositions

pp.:  225 – 233

13. Numerals and particles

pp.:  233 – 250

13.2. Focus particles

pp.:  250 – 257

13.1. Numerals

pp.:  250 – 250

13.3. Discourse particles

pp.:  257 – 261

13.4. The negative particle waʔ

pp.:  261 – 265

13.5. Other particles

pp.:  265 – 266

13.6. Interjections

pp.:  266 – 269

Syntax

pp.:  269 – 271

14.1. General properties of the noun phrase

pp.:  271 – 271

14. The noun phrase and the adjective phrase

pp.:  271 – 271

14.2. Quantifiers

pp.:  271 – 273

14.3. Apposition

pp.:  273 – 276

14.4. Word order in the noun phrase

pp.:  276 – 279

14.5. The adjective phrase

pp.:  279 – 284

15. Verbal valence

pp.:  284 – 288

15.3. Standard valence patterns

pp.:  288 – 291

15.1. Valence patterns: introduction

pp.:  288 – 288

15.2. General characteristics of verbal valence patterns

pp.:  288 – 288

15.4. Non-standard valence patterns

pp.:  291 – 300

15.5. Free omission of arguments

pp.:  300 – 307

15.6. Labile verbs

pp.:  307 – 309

16. Syntax of the clause

pp.:  309 – 314

16.1. Grammatical relations: the notion of subject

pp.:  314 – 314

16.2. Word order at the clause level

pp.:  314 – 318

16.3. Clausal adjuncts

pp.:  318 – 323

17. Copular clauses

pp.:  323 – 331

17.2. Copular clauses with a predicative adjective phrase

pp.:  331 – 332

17.1. Copular clauses with a predicative noun phrase

pp.:  331 – 331

17.3. Subjectless copular clauses

pp.:  332 – 334

17.4. ‘Become’ and ‘remain’

pp.:  334 – 335

17.5. Transitive copular clauses

pp.:  335 – 336

17.6. Local copular clauses

pp.:  336 – 337

17.7. Predicative adverbial phrases with the standard copula

pp.:  337 – 345

18. Coordination

pp.:  345 – 347

17.8. A copular construction for indicating age

pp.:  345 – 345

18.2. Disjunction

pp.:  347 – 351

18.1. Conjunction

pp.:  347 – 347

18.3. Clause coordination

pp.:  351 – 355

19. Relative clauses

pp.:  355 – 360

19.1. Non-finite (participial) relative clauses

pp.:  360 – 360

19.2. Finite (correlative) relative clauses

pp.:  360 – 365

19.3. Predicative relative clauses

pp.:  365 – 367

19.4. Cleft sentences

pp.:  367 – 372

20. Complement clauses

pp.:  372 – 374

20.1. The zero strategy: direct speech

pp.:  374 – 374

20.2. The Infinitive

pp.:  374 – 375

20.3. The Masdar

pp.:  375 – 379

20.4. The substantivized participle

pp.:  379 – 385

20.5. The luhun strategy

pp.:  385 – 387

20.6. The converb strategy

pp.:  387 – 389

20.7. The x̂i strategy

pp.:  389 – 390

20.8. Minor strategies

pp.:  390 – 392

20.9. Complement clauses in noun phrases

pp.:  392 – 393

21. Adverbial clauses

pp.:  393 – 395

21.1. Adverbial clauses with the Aorist converb

pp.:  395 – 396

21.2. Adverbial clauses with the Imperfective converb

pp.:  396 – 398

21.3. Adverbial clauses with the Secondary Imperf. converbs

pp.:  398 – 401

21.4. Temporal clauses

pp.:  401 – 402

21.5. Causal clauses

pp.:  402 – 409

21.6. Purpose clauses

pp.:  409 – 411

21.7. Conditional clauses

pp.:  411 – 414

21.8. Concessive clauses

pp.:  414 – 416

21.9. ‘As’ clauses

pp.:  416 – 420

22. Coreference

pp.:  420 – 421

22.1. Pronominal anaphora and pronoun dropping

pp.:  421 – 421

22.2. Controller and target of omission in adverbial clauses

pp.:  421 – 424

22.3. Controller and target of omission in complement clauses

pp.:  424 – 427

22.4. Reflexivization

pp.:  427 – 428

22.5. Reciprocalization

pp.:  428 – 435

23. Questions

pp.:  435 – 437

23.2. Parametric questions

pp.:  437 – 441

23.1. Polar questions

pp.:  437 – 437

23.3. Indirect questions

pp.:  441 – 445

23.4. Echo questions

pp.:  445 – 448

23.5. Question particles

pp.:  448 – 448

23.6. Question-like exclamations

pp.:  448 – 451

24. Comparison

pp.:  451 – 452

23.7. Non-indicative questions

pp.:  451 – 451

24.1. Comparison of inequality

pp.:  452 – 452

24.2. Comparison of equality

pp.:  452 – 456

24.3. Excessive degree

pp.:  456 – 461

Appendices

pp.:  461 – 462

25.1. The Nightingale

pp.:  462 – 463

25. Texts

pp.:  462 – 462

25.2. Who is Stealing the Melons?

pp.:  463 – 465

25.3. The Magpie and the Wolf

pp.:  465 – 472

25.4. The Flower from Russia

pp.:  472 – 477

25.5. Congress in Beliž

pp.:  477 – 490

25.6. An early text in the Latin script

pp.:  490 – 497

26. Lezgian-English vocabulary

pp.:  497 – 499

27. English-Lezgian vocabulary

pp.:  499 – 535

Cross-references to additional examples

pp.:  535 – 550

References

pp.:  550 – 559

Index of affixes

pp.:  559 – 577

Subject Index

pp.:  577 – 580

LastPages

pp.:  580 – 589

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