Chapter
3.3. Consonants
pp.:
51 – 53
4. Phonotactics
pp.:
53 – 56
4.1. Vowel syncope
pp.:
56 – 56
4.2. Syllable structure
pp.:
56 – 60
4.3. Restrictions on the cooccurrence of consonants
pp.:
60 – 67
4.4. Vowel harmony
pp.:
67 – 68
4.5. Labial Obstruent-Vowel Harmony
pp.:
68 – 70
4.6. Neutralization of Obstruent Labialization
pp.:
70 – 70
5. Phonological and morphophonemic alternations
pp.:
70 – 72
5.2. Word-final Unaspirated Voicing
pp.:
72 – 73
5.1. Pre-ejective Ejective Aspiration
pp.:
72 – 72
5.3. Post-obstruent Aspirated Deaspiration
pp.:
73 – 75
5.5. Vowel harmony alternations
pp.:
75 – 76
5.4. Pre-obstruent Unaspirated Aspiration
pp.:
75 – 75
5.6. High Vowel Loss
pp.:
76 – 78
5.7. Labial Obstruent-Vowel Harmony alternations
pp.:
78 – 79
5.8. Metathesis of Labialization
pp.:
79 – 79
5.9. Word-final Ejective Aspiration
pp.:
79 – 80
5.10. Word-final Ejective Voicing
pp.:
80 – 81
5.12. Loss of /R/
pp.:
81 – 82
5.11. Unstressed Vowel Heightening
pp.:
81 – 81
5.13. Affricate Assimilation
pp.:
82 – 83
6. Word stress
pp.:
83 – 84
5.14. Dissimilatory loss of /r/
pp.:
83 – 83
6.2. Stress properties of suffixes
pp.:
84 – 87
6.1. Stress of roots
pp.:
84 – 84
6.3. Stress in post-syncope Lezgian
pp.:
87 – 90
7.1. Nominal inflection
pp.:
91 – 91
7.2. Functions of nominal inflectional categories
pp.:
91 – 101
7. Noun morphology
pp.:
91 – 91
7.3. Nominal derivation
pp.:
101 – 125
8. Adjective morphology
pp.:
125 – 130
8.1. Adjectival inflection
pp.:
130 – 130
8.2. Adjectival derivation
pp.:
130 – 140
9. Verbal inflection
pp.:
140 – 142
9.3. Verbal inflectional categories
pp.:
142 – 147
9.2. The three stems of strong verbs
pp.:
142 – 142
9.1. Introduction
pp.:
142 – 142
9.4. Illustrative partial paradigms
pp.:
147 – 155
9.5. Irregular verbs
pp.:
155 – 156
9.6. Functions of basic tense-aspect categories
pp.:
156 – 160
9.7. Periphrastic tense-aspect categories
pp.:
160 – 166
9.8. Functions of non-indicative finite verb forms
pp.:
166 – 169
9.9. Functions of non-finite verb forms
pp.:
169 – 173
9.10. Archaic verb forms
pp.:
173 – 178
10. Verbal derivation
pp.:
178 – 183
10.2. The anticausative
pp.:
183 – 185
10.1. The causative
pp.:
183 – 183
10.3. Preverbs
pp.:
185 – 187
10.4. The Repetitive
pp.:
187 – 194
10.5. The -lamiš-form
pp.:
194 – 197
10.6. Verbal compounds
pp.:
197 – 198
11. Pronouns
pp.:
198 – 204
11.3. Correlations between demonstratives, interrogatives and indefinites
pp.:
204 – 207
11.2. Reflexive pronouns
pp.:
204 – 204
11.1. Personal pronouns
pp.:
204 – 204
11.4. Demonstratives
pp.:
207 – 210
11.5. Interrogative pronouns
pp.:
210 – 212
11.6. Indefinite pronouns
pp.:
212 – 214
11.7. Other determiners
pp.:
214 – 220
12. Adverbs and postpositions
pp.:
220 – 225
12.1. Adverbs
pp.:
225 – 225
12.2. Postpositions
pp.:
225 – 233
13. Numerals and particles
pp.:
233 – 250
13.2. Focus particles
pp.:
250 – 257
13.1. Numerals
pp.:
250 – 250
13.3. Discourse particles
pp.:
257 – 261
13.4. The negative particle waʔ
pp.:
261 – 265
13.5. Other particles
pp.:
265 – 266
13.6. Interjections
pp.:
266 – 269
14.1. General properties of the noun phrase
pp.:
271 – 271
14. The noun phrase and the adjective phrase
pp.:
271 – 271
14.2. Quantifiers
pp.:
271 – 273
14.3. Apposition
pp.:
273 – 276
14.4. Word order in the noun phrase
pp.:
276 – 279
14.5. The adjective phrase
pp.:
279 – 284
15. Verbal valence
pp.:
284 – 288
15.3. Standard valence patterns
pp.:
288 – 291
15.1. Valence patterns: introduction
pp.:
288 – 288
15.2. General characteristics of verbal valence patterns
pp.:
288 – 288
15.4. Non-standard valence patterns
pp.:
291 – 300
15.5. Free omission of arguments
pp.:
300 – 307
15.6. Labile verbs
pp.:
307 – 309
16. Syntax of the clause
pp.:
309 – 314
16.1. Grammatical relations: the notion of subject
pp.:
314 – 314
16.2. Word order at the clause level
pp.:
314 – 318
16.3. Clausal adjuncts
pp.:
318 – 323
17. Copular clauses
pp.:
323 – 331
17.2. Copular clauses with a predicative adjective phrase
pp.:
331 – 332
17.1. Copular clauses with a predicative noun phrase
pp.:
331 – 331
17.3. Subjectless copular clauses
pp.:
332 – 334
17.4. ‘Become’ and ‘remain’
pp.:
334 – 335
17.5. Transitive copular clauses
pp.:
335 – 336
17.6. Local copular clauses
pp.:
336 – 337
17.7. Predicative adverbial phrases with the standard copula
pp.:
337 – 345
18. Coordination
pp.:
345 – 347
17.8. A copular construction for indicating age
pp.:
345 – 345
18.2. Disjunction
pp.:
347 – 351
18.1. Conjunction
pp.:
347 – 347
18.3. Clause coordination
pp.:
351 – 355
19. Relative clauses
pp.:
355 – 360
19.1. Non-finite (participial) relative clauses
pp.:
360 – 360
19.2. Finite (correlative) relative clauses
pp.:
360 – 365
19.3. Predicative relative clauses
pp.:
365 – 367
19.4. Cleft sentences
pp.:
367 – 372
20. Complement clauses
pp.:
372 – 374
20.1. The zero strategy: direct speech
pp.:
374 – 374
20.2. The Infinitive
pp.:
374 – 375
20.3. The Masdar
pp.:
375 – 379
20.4. The substantivized participle
pp.:
379 – 385
20.5. The luhun strategy
pp.:
385 – 387
20.6. The converb strategy
pp.:
387 – 389
20.7. The x̂i strategy
pp.:
389 – 390
20.8. Minor strategies
pp.:
390 – 392
20.9. Complement clauses in noun phrases
pp.:
392 – 393
21. Adverbial clauses
pp.:
393 – 395
21.1. Adverbial clauses with the Aorist converb
pp.:
395 – 396
21.2. Adverbial clauses with the Imperfective converb
pp.:
396 – 398
21.3. Adverbial clauses with the Secondary Imperf. converbs
pp.:
398 – 401
21.4. Temporal clauses
pp.:
401 – 402
21.5. Causal clauses
pp.:
402 – 409
21.6. Purpose clauses
pp.:
409 – 411
21.7. Conditional clauses
pp.:
411 – 414
21.8. Concessive clauses
pp.:
414 – 416
21.9. ‘As’ clauses
pp.:
416 – 420
22. Coreference
pp.:
420 – 421
22.1. Pronominal anaphora and pronoun dropping
pp.:
421 – 421
22.2. Controller and target of omission in adverbial clauses
pp.:
421 – 424
22.3. Controller and target of omission in complement clauses
pp.:
424 – 427
22.4. Reflexivization
pp.:
427 – 428
22.5. Reciprocalization
pp.:
428 – 435
23. Questions
pp.:
435 – 437
23.2. Parametric questions
pp.:
437 – 441
23.1. Polar questions
pp.:
437 – 437
23.3. Indirect questions
pp.:
441 – 445
23.4. Echo questions
pp.:
445 – 448
23.5. Question particles
pp.:
448 – 448
23.6. Question-like exclamations
pp.:
448 – 451
24. Comparison
pp.:
451 – 452
23.7. Non-indicative questions
pp.:
451 – 451
24.1. Comparison of inequality
pp.:
452 – 452
24.2. Comparison of equality
pp.:
452 – 456
24.3. Excessive degree
pp.:
456 – 461
Appendices
pp.:
461 – 462
25.1. The Nightingale
pp.:
462 – 463
25.2. Who is Stealing the Melons?
pp.:
463 – 465
25.3. The Magpie and the Wolf
pp.:
465 – 472
25.4. The Flower from Russia
pp.:
472 – 477
25.5. Congress in Beliž
pp.:
477 – 490
25.6. An early text in the Latin script
pp.:
490 – 497
26. Lezgian-English vocabulary
pp.:
497 – 499
27. English-Lezgian vocabulary
pp.:
499 – 535
Cross-references to additional examples
pp.:
535 – 550
References
pp.:
550 – 559
Index of affixes
pp.:
559 – 577
Subject Index
pp.:
577 – 580