Joshua Traditions and the Argument of Hebrews 3 and 4

Author: Whitfield   Bryan J.  

Publisher: De Gruyter‎

Publication year: 2013

E-ISBN: 9783110297812

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9783110297775

Subject: B971 Bible

Keyword: 宗教

Language: ENG

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Description

The connection between the great high priest and the people of God in Hebrews has proved a central question for many scholars, including Ernst Käsemann. This book examines previous attempts to explain the flow of the argument in Hebrews 3 and 4 and revisits the proposal of J. Rendel Harris, who thought attention to the two Joshuas of the Hebrew Bible was the key to connecting Heb 3:7–4:13 to its frame. It examines Second Temple interpretations of two texts central to the two Joshuas (Numbers 13–14 and Zechariah 3) and concludes with a positive assessment of much of Harris’s proposal.

Chapter

Observations

Appeals to Conceptual Worlds

Gnosticism

Philo and Middle Platonism

Qumran

The Samaritans

Merkabah Mysticism

Observations

Appeals to Reading Practices

J. Rendel Harris and the Two Joshuas

F. C. Synge and Jesus–Joshua

Albert Vanhoye and Numbers 14

George Wesley Buchanan and Hebrews as Homiletical Midrash

David Flusser and Midrashic Fungi

Observations

The Way Forward

Chapter 2: A Wider Intertextuality: Excavating the Cave of Resonance with the History of Scriptural Interpretation

Lessons from Pauline Interpreters

Richard Hays’s Echoes of Scripture

Initial Responses to Echoes of Scripture

James A. Sanders

Craig A. Evans

William Scott Green

Christopher D. Stanley

Subsequent Modifications of Echoes of Scripture

Frank Thielman

James M. Scott

Sylvia C. Keesmaat

Andrew H. Wakefield

Observations

Lessons from Hebrew Bible Interpreters

Michael Fishbane

Aggadic Exegesis

Mantological Exegesis

James L. Kugel

Observations

Chapter 3: Reading Traditions for Num 13–14

Reading Traditions for Num 13–14

Numbers

The Scouts’ Expedition

The Scouts’ Report

The People’s Response

God’s Response

The People’s Expedition

Deuteronomy

The Scouts’ Expedition

The Scouts’ Report

The People’s Response

God’s Response

The People’s Expedition

Comparison of the Canonical Accounts

The Scouts’ Expedition

The Scouts’ Report

The People’s Response

God’s Response

The People’s Expedition

General Observations on the Canonical Accounts

Aaron

Caleb and Joshua

Moses

Second Temple Interpretation

Pseudo-Philo

The Scout’s Expedition

The Scouts’ Report

The People’s Response

God’s Response

Observations

Josephus

The Scouts’ Expedition

The Scouts’ Report

The People’s Response

God’s Response

Observations

Philo

The Scouts’ Expedition

The Scouts’ Report

The People’s Response

God’s Response

Observations

Conclusions

Chapter 4: Reading Traditions for Zech 3

Recent Scholarship about the Levi-Priestly Tradition

James C. VanderKam

Robert A. Kugler

James Kugel

Kathryn Lopez

Zechariah 3

Zechariah 3 (MT)

Initial Description of the Divine Council Vision

Deliberations of the Divine Council

Excursus: Zechariah 3 and Joshua’s Ordination

A Concluding Oracle

Zechariah 3 (LXX)

Second Temple Texts and Exegetical Motifs

Introducing the Texts

An Overview of the Specific Motifs to be Explored

The Motif of a Priest in the Divine Council

Aramaic Levi

Jubiliees

Testament of Levi

Joseph and Aseneth

Pirqe Rabbi Eleizer

Conclusions

The Motif of Rebuking the Accuser

Aramaic Levi and Qumran Texts

The Apocalypse of Abraham

The Motif of Purification and New Clothing

Aramaic Levi

Jubilees

The Testament of Levi

Tg. Zechariah

The Apocalypse of Abraham

The Motif of Continual Access

Observations

Chapter 5: The Joshuas of the Epistle to the Hebrews

Hebrews as a Priestly Writing

Hebrews 4:14-10:19

Hebrews 10:19-13:25

Sacerdotal Language

Pilgrimage as Cultic Journey

The Hieratic Ground and Goal of Faithfulness

Hebrews 1:1-2:18

Rationales for the Flow of the Argument in Hebrews 3 and 4

Harold W. Attridge

William L. Lane

David A. deSilva

Craig R. Koester

Assessing the Survey

The Shape of Hebrews 3 and 4

Hebrews 3:12-19

Hebrews 4:1-5

Hebrews 4:6-11

Considering the Two Joshuas

The Joshua of Numbers

If Joshua Had Given Them Rest

Jesus as άρχηγός

The Word They Heard

United by Faith with Those Who Heard

For Whoever Enters God’s Rest

The Use of Num 13-14 and Joshua’s Faithfulness

Two Objections

The Joshua of Zechariah

The Motif of a Priest in the Divine Council

The Motif of Rebuking the Accuser

The Motif of Purification

The Motif of Continual Access

The Three Joshuas

Chapter 6: Implications and Directions for Future Research

Bibliography

Primary Texts

Biblical Commentaries

Studies

Index of Ancient Sources

Index of Modern Authors

Index of Subjects

Chapter 3: Reading Traditions for Num 13–14

Chapter 4: Reading Traditions for Zech 3

Chapter 5: The Joshuas of the Epistle to the Hebrews

Chapter 6: Implications and Directions for Future Research

Bibliography

Index of Ancient Sources

Index of Modern Authors

Index of Subjects

LastPages

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