Chapter
Be:das, Kumba:ras and hill forts
2. Place-names and cultural ecology
Selection of an ecological zone
The joint patrilocal family
Jati, marriage preference and role ambiguity
4. Traditional interchange (1)
The interdependence of the plateau communities
5. Traditional interchange (2)
The Wainad Gaudas and their neighbours
Traditional interchange : A summary
6. Early patterns of trade
Original state of the economy
Itinerant traders on the plateau
7. Growth of the cash economy
Impact of British ideas on the Badaga economy (1799-1850)147
Expansion of the market economy (1850-1900)
Agricultural change over the past century
Modern systems of marketing
8. Administration and law
The present ambilegal situation
Factors leading to stress
Reactions of the Badagas to evangelization
10. Religious and social change in the twentieth century
Bajan and Krishna worship
Tamilian and Kanarese celebrations
Growth of Lingayat ties with Mysore
Changing patterns of marriage and residence
New patterns of communication
Networks of communication
The position of Badagas in Nilgiri society
Changing social structure
11. Summary and conclusion
Some conclusions on modernization
Appendix 1. Population of the main Nilgiri communities, 1961
Appendix 2. Badaga population growth compared with that of Todas & Kotas
Ancient Hindu Refugees
：Badaga Social History 1550 - 1975
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