Xylitol poisoning of dogs is associated with increased glycogenolysis, coagulopathy, and oxidative stress

ISSN： 0277-2248

Source： Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, Vol.95, Iss.2, 2013-02, pp. : 337-343

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Abstract

Clinical cases of xylitol poisoning in dogs have been frequently reported in recent years. Following our previous study of acute xylitol toxicity in dogs, we further investigated alterations of blood coagulation, glycogenolysis, and antioxidant status in xylitol poisoning. Twelve adult, clinically healthy, crossbreed dogs were orally dosed with 4 g kg⁻¹ xylitol in aqueous solution. Plasma glucagon and lactate levels increased, while pyruvate concentrations decreased after xylitol dosing. Xylitol-dosed dogs developed coagulopathy, characterized by prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time, and decreased fibrinogen levels, probably secondary to impaired liver function, which was observed in our previous study. The plasma concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin C, superoxide dismutase, and the reduced form of glutathione peroxidase were decreased, while malondialdehyde levels were increased, suggesting oxidative stress.