Author： Vidales Juan A. Gerba Charles P. Karpiscak Martin M.
Publisher： Water Environment Federation
ISSN： 1061-4303
Source： Water Environment Research, Vol.75, Iss.3, 2003-05, pp. : 238-245
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Abstract
Virus removal was studied in a multispecies subsurface-flow constructed wetland. Tracer studies and a virus survival test were conducted using bromide and bacteriophage PRD1 that were simultaneously added into a 6-year-old gravel-filled wetland. The estimated dimensionless variance and the observed bromide breakthrough curve suggest a plug-flow reactor with some dispersion. Most of the PRD1 was removed during the first 4 days; however, the PRD1 background concentration was not reached by the end of the study. Average bacteriophage removal was 98.8%, whereas bromide mass recovery was 75%. The removal rate of PRD1 was estimated to be −1.17 d−1; in contrast, its inactivation rate in situ for a 12.4-day period was −0.16 d−1. Apparently, virus removal is governed by an initial irreversible attachment followed by a comparatively long inactivation period. This study suggests that a subsurface-flow wetland can decrease the virus load by approximately 99% with a 5.5-day detention time.
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