Catalyzed Big-Bang nucleosynthesis

Author： Pospelov M  

Publisher： NRC Research Press

ISSN： 1208-6045

Source： Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol.86, Iss.4, 2008-04, pp. : 611-616

Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.

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Abstract

We point out that the existence of metastable, τ >103 s, negatively charged electroweak-scale particles (X–) alters the predictions for lithium and other primordial elemental abundances for A > 4 via the formation of bound states with nuclei during Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). In particular, we show that the bound states of X– with helium, formed at temperatures of about T = 108 K, lead to the catalytic enhancement of 6Li production, which is eight orders of magnitude more efficient than the standard channel. In particle physics models, where subsequent decay of X– does not lead to large nonthermal BBN effects, this directly translates to the level of sensitivity to the number density of long-lived X– particles (τ > 105 s) relative to entropy of nX – / s ≤ 3 × 10–17, which is one of the most stringent probes of electroweak scale remnants known to date. It is also argued that unstable charged particles with lifetime of order ~2000 s may naturally lead to the depletion of 7Li by a factor of two, making it consistent with observationally determined abundances. PACS No.: 98.80.FtNous soulignons que l’existence de particules électro-faibles négativement chargées (X-) et métastables (τ > 103 s) modifie nos prédictions pour la formation originale de lithium et d’autres éléments avec A > 4, via la formation d’états liés pendant la BBN. Nous montrons en particulier que la formation d’états liés de X– avec de l’hélium, formés à une température de T = 108 K, mène à une augmentation catalytique de la production de 6Li qui est huit ordres de grandeur plus efficace que le modèle standard. Dans les modèles de particules élémentaires où la désintégration subséquente de X– ne mène pas à des effets non thermiques importants de BBN, ceci se traduit directement en niveau de sensibilité sur le nombre de particules X– de longue vie (τ > 105 s) relativement à l’entropie s, nX – / s ≤ 3 × 10–17, qui est parmi les tests les plus sévères connus du vestige de l’échelle électro-faible. Nous pouvons aussi dire que l’existence de particules chargées instables (~2000 s) mènerait naturellement à une diminution par un facteur 2 du 7Li, ce qui correspond précisément à la situation observée. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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