

Author: Gianetto J. A. Smith N. J. G. Dolan D. E. McGrath J. T.
Publisher: Maney Publishing
ISSN: 0008-4433
Source: Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, Vol.33, Iss.1, 1994-01, pp. : 35-49
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Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to develop and evaluate experimental electrode wires for joining HSLA 100 steel with particular emphasis on improvement of weld metal toughness properties. The work focused on the development of metal-cored wires with varying carbon and molybdenum contents for submerged-arc (SA) welding.The series of SA welds produced with the metal-cored wires, in combination with a highly basic flux, provided better toughness than achieved using the reference electrode MIL 120 S1.Optimum Charpy notch toughness was achieved with the intermediate carbon and molybdenum contents. In general, the results were attributed to the influence of weld metal chemistry on the final weld microstructure, specifically the formation of a relatively fine bainitic structure with some lath martensite and limited grain boundary ferrite in both the as-deposited and reheated weld metal regions. For increasing weld metal carbon (0.040–0.090%) and molybdenum (0.45–0.700/0) there was an increase in yield strength, hardness and tensile strength. With increasing carbon there was refinement of the microstructure, increased evidence of lath martensite, reduced (to almost no) grain boundary ferrite, and greater carbide precipitation. Changes in microstructure were much less pronounced with variation in molybdenum. In addition, increasing carbon was found to reduce the upper shelf energy, attributed to the high weld metal yield strength and increase in carbide precipitation (enhanced microvoid coalescence).
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