Contents

pp.：  7 – 10

List of Illustrations

pp.：  11 – 18

Acknowledgments

pp.：  19 – 22

Introduction: Why Aurangabad?

pp.：  23 – 28

Chapter One The Caves

pp.：  29 – 46

1.1 The Western Group of Caves

pp.：  30 – 37

1.1.1 Cave 1

pp.：  31 – 31

1.1.2 Cave 2

pp.：  32 – 33

1.1.3 Cave 3

pp.：  34 – 35

1.1.4 Cave 4

pp.：  36 – 35

1.1.5 Cave 4a

pp.：  36 – 36

1.1.6 Cave 5

pp.：  37 – 37

1.2 The Eastern Group of Caves

pp.：  38 – 45

1.2.1 The so-called ‘Brahmanical Cave’

pp.：  38 – 38

1.2.2 Cave 6

pp.：  39 – 39

1.2.3 Cave 7

pp.：  40 – 43

1.2.4 Cave 8

pp.：  44 – 43

1.2.5 Cave 9

pp.：  44 – 45

1.3 The Northern Cluster of Caves at Aurangabad

pp.：  46 – 46

Chapter Two The Beginnings at Aurangabad

pp.：  47 – 92

2.1 Establishing a Chronology

pp.：  47 – 49

2.2 Methodological Problems in Dating the Early Caves in Western Deccan

pp.：  50 – 52

2.3 Defining Micro-Regions: The Relevance of Physical and Cultural Geography

pp.：  53 – 55

2.4 Regional Trends in Cave Architecture

pp.：  56 – 57

2.5 Archaism

pp.：  58 – 58

2.6 The Ajanta Cluster in the Upper Plateau Region: Locating the Aurangabad Caitya

pp.：  59 – 61

2.7 The Stupa

pp.：  62 – 64

2.8 Relics in Rock-cut Stupas: Caityas vs. Stupas

pp.：  65 – 73

2.9 The Vihara at Aurangabad: Missing Evidence

pp.：  74 – 78

2.10 The Aurangabad Caves and the Ajanta Cluster: Agriculture, Trade, and Patronage Between the Satavahanas and the Ksatrapas

pp.：  79 – 92

Chapter Three The Aurangabad Renaissance in the Fifth Century

pp.：  93 – 146

3.1 The Hiatus

pp.：  93 – 101

3.2 International Trade and the Elite Patronage of Buddhist Caves at the End of the Fifth Century CE

pp.：  102 – 109

3.3 The Rebirth of Patronage at Aurangabad: Cave 3

pp.：  110 – 112

3.4 The Sculpture at Aurangabad: Outdoing the Models

pp.：  113 – 119

3.5 Aurangabad and the Gupta-Vakataka Idiom

pp.：  120 – 122

3.6 Aurangabad and the Northwest of the Indian Subcontinent

pp.：  123 – 129

3.7 The Buddha in the Monasteries at Aurangabad and Ajanta

pp.：  130 – 136

3.8 Mahayana at Aurangabad

pp.：  137 – 141

3.9 The Diffusion of Mahayana at Kanheri: A Coastal Phenomenon?

pp.：  142 – 146

Chapter Four Buddhist Practice at Aurangabad in the Sixth Century

pp.：  147 – 180

4.1 Cave 2 at Aurangabad: Votive Imagery, Mahayana, and the Laity

pp.：  147 – 156

4.2 The Squatting Goddess in Cave 2 Votive Panels

pp.：  157 – 160

4.3 The Bodhisattvas in Cave 2: The Stupa in the Crown

pp.：  161 – 163

4.4 The Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara in Cave 2

pp.：  164 – 166

4.5 Early Kalacuri Patronage in the Western Deccan

pp.：  167 – 173

4.6 Saivism, the Pasupatas, and their Impact on Buddhism in the Western Deccan

pp.：  174 – 177

4.7 Cave 5 at Aurangabad: The Return of the Padmasana Buddha in the Main Shrine

pp.：  178 – 180

Chapter Five The Eastern Group of Caves

pp.：  181 – 232

5.1 Astamahabhaya Avalokitesvara: A Traditional Mahayana Icon in Cave 7

pp.：  182 – 188

5.2 Emergence and Triumph of the Bodhisattva Vajrapani at Aurangabad from Cave 2 to Cave 6: Moving Towards Vajrayana?

pp.：  189 – 195

5.3 Cave 7 Mandapa: Magic and Protective Deities

pp.：  196 – 202

5.4 Female Deities in Cave 7

pp.：  203 – 211

5.5 The Shrine of Cave 7: The Dancing Vidya

pp.：  212 – 216

5.6 Cave 9

pp.：  217 – 217

5.7 Colossal Parinirvana and Four-armed Avalokitesvara in Cave 9

pp.：  218 – 223

5.8 A Cave for the Saptamatrkas, Ganesa, and the Buddha

pp.：  224 – 232

Chapter Six Summary and Conclusion

pp.：  233 – 238

Bibliography

pp.：  239 – 250

Index

pp.：  251 – 256

ILLUSTRATION SECTION

pp.：  257 – 354