Contents

List of Diagrams, Graphs, Maps, and Tables

Acknowledgements

List of Abbreviations

Glossary

Chapter One Introduction

1. Institutions

2. Labor migration and colonial societies

3. Intra- and Inter-continental trade in, to and via Western Africa

4. Private investment, agency and networks

5. Source Material

6. Structure

Part I Building Atlantic Empires: The Dutch and the Portuguese Models of Settlement in Western Africa

Chapter Two Building Institutions

1. Administrative institutions

2. Military institutions

3. Judicial institutions

4. Commercial and fiscal institutions

Chapter Three Sending People: Labor Migration and Forced Labor

1. European migrants

1.1. Free migrants

1.2. Forced migrants

2. Forced African migrants: Enslaved and manumitted Africans

3. Locally recruited personnel

3.1. Free Africans

3.2. Mixed descent workers and European settlers

4. European labor markets and Western Africa

5. Policies of settlement and Western Africa

Chapter Four Shaping Colonial Societies

1. Europeans

2. Africans

2.1. Enslaved and manumitted Africans

2.2 Free Africans

3. Mixed descent population

4. Impact of social organization in the building of the Atlantic empires

Part Two Western Africa in the Dutch and the Portuguese Atlantic Economies

The concept of 'Atlantic System' and the Study of Interactions between States, Companies and Private Merchants

Chapter Five Sailing in African Waters: Coastal Areas and Hinterland

1. Routes

2. Coastal trade, inter-racial relationships and settlement

3. Trading practices

4. Western African supply markets

5. Western African consumption markets

Chapter Six Struggling for the Atlantic: The Inter-Continental Trade

1. Routes

2. Shipping

3. Supply markets

4. Products and Enslaved Africans

4.1. Gold

4.2. Enslaved Africans

5. Consumption markets

6. Integration of markets

Chapter Seven Doing Business with Western Africa: Private Investors, Agency and Commercial Networks

1. European entrepreneurs

2. European businessmen

3. Agents

4. Trans-imperial networks

5. Cross-cultural interactions

Conclusion New Insights on Dutch-Portuguese Rivalries in the Atlantic

Bibliography

1. Primary Sources

2. Published Sources

3. Secondary Literature

Index