CONTENTS

pp.：  5 – 8

Preface to the English Edition

pp.：  9 – 10

Original Preface

pp.：  11 – 12

Abbreviations

pp.：  13 – 14

Chapter One Introduction

pp.：  15 – 32

1.1. The Anong People

pp.：  15 – 15

1.2. Population Distribution

pp.：  16 – 16

1.3. Legends about the Origin of the Anong People

pp.：  17 – 17

1.4. Social and Economic Conditions

pp.：  18 – 18

1.5. Traditions

pp.：  19 – 21

1.5.1. Dwelling

pp.：  19 – 19

1.5.2. Diet and Food Sources

pp.：  20 – 19

1.5.3. Marriage and Family

pp.：  20 – 20

1.5.4. Burial

pp.：  21 – 20

1.5.5. Religion

pp.：  21 – 21

1.6. The Language of the Anong People

pp.：  22 – 29

1.6.1. Research on Anong

pp.：  22 – 22

1.6.2. Anong Language Use

pp.：  23 – 25

1.6.3. Analysis of Anong Attrition

pp.：  26 – 29

1.7. Other Related Issues

pp.：  30 – 32

1.7.1. The Anong of China Have no Writing System

pp.：  30 – 29

1.7.2. Attrition under Intense Contact

pp.：  30 – 30

1.7.3. Problems with Mutual Intelligibility among the Nu

pp.：  31 – 32

Chapter Two Phonology

pp.：  33 – 46

2.1. Initial Consonants

pp.：  33 – 36

2.1.1. Single Consonants

pp.：  33 – 34

2.1.2. Single Initial Consonants

pp.：  35 – 35

2.1.3. Consonant Clusters

pp.：  36 – 36

2.2. Vowels and Finals

pp.：  37 – 43

2.2.1. Simple Vowels

pp.：  37 – 38

2.2.2. Simple Vowels without Codas

pp.：  39 – 38

2.2.3. Nasalized Vowels

pp.：  39 – 39

2.2.4. Vowel "Sequences"

pp.：  40 – 40

2.2.5. Vowels with Codas

pp.：  41 – 43

2.3. Tones and Remnants of Tone Sandhi

pp.：  44 – 43

2.4. Syllables

pp.：  44 – 46

Chapter Three Lexicon

pp.：  47 – 68

3.1. Basic Characteristics of Words in Anong

pp.：  47 – 48

3.2. Lexical Classification

pp.：  49 – 56

3.2.1. Classifying Words According to Their Origins

pp.：  49 – 53

3.2.2. Word Formation

pp.：  54 – 54

3.2.3. Semantic Classification

pp.：  55 – 56

3.3. Word Formation Processes

pp.：  57 – 68

3.3.1. Derivation

pp.：  58 – 63

3.3.2. Compounding

pp.：  64 – 64

3.3.3. Four-syllable Eleborate Expressions

pp.：  65 – 65

3.3.4. Reduplication

pp.：  66 – 65

3.3.5. Imitation

pp.：  66 – 68

Chapter Four Syntax

pp.：  69 – 136

4.1. Parts of Speech (Morphological Categories)

pp.：  69 – 126

4.1.1. Nouns

pp.：  69 – 73

4.1.2. Numerals

pp.：  74 – 80

4.1.3. Classifiers and Measure Words

pp.：  81 – 85

4.1.4. Pronouns

pp.：  86 – 89

4.1.5. Verbs

pp.：  90 – 107

4.1.6. Adjectives

pp.：  108 – 111

4.1.7. Adverbs

pp.：  112 – 113

4.1.8. Particles

pp.：  114 – 120

4.1.9. Conjunctions

pp.：  121 – 121

4.1.10. Mood Particles

pp.：  122 – 123

4.1.11. Interjections

pp.：  124 – 126

4.2. Syntax

pp.：  127 – 136

4.2.1. Word Order and Sentential Constituents

pp.：  127 – 130

4.2.2. Simple Sentences

pp.：  131 – 131

4.2.3. Complex Sentences

pp.：  132 – 136

Chapter Five The Restructuring of Anong

pp.：  137 – 156

5.1. The Restructuring of the Lexicon

pp.：  138 – 140

5.1.1. The Rapid Increase in Loanwords

pp.：  138 – 139

5.1.2. Differences among Anong Speakers' Knowledge of the Lexicon

pp.：  140 – 140

5.2. Phonological Changes

pp.：  141 – 148

5.2.1. Development of Complex Vowels and Nasalized Vowels

pp.：  142 – 142

5.2.2. Loss of Consonant Clusters

pp.：  143 – 143

5.2.3. The Loss of Retroflex Consonants

pp.：  144 – 144

5.2.4. The Emergence of Laryngealized Vowels

pp.：  145 – 145

5.2.5. Development of the 33 Tone

pp.：  146 – 145

5.2.6. Allophonic Variation

pp.：  146 – 148

5.3. Grammatical Restructuring

pp.：  149 – 156

5.3.1. Plural Marking on Nouns

pp.：  149 – 149

5.3.2. Possessives

pp.：  150 – 149

5.3.3. Changes in the Numeral System

pp.：  150 – 150

5.3.4. Person Marking on Verbs

pp.：  151 – 152

5.3.5. Causatives

pp.：  153 – 153

5.3.6. Grammatical Particles

pp.：  154 – 154

5.3.7. The Copulas

pp.：  155 – 155

5.3.8. Stories and Texts

pp.：  156 – 156

Chapter Six Anong in Tibeto-Burman

pp.：  157 – 193

6.1. Anong as a Separate Language

pp.：  157 – 166

6.1.1. Sound Comparisons

pp.：  158 – 166

6.2. Lexical Comparison

pp.：  167 – 169

6.3. Grammatical Comparison

pp.：  170 – 179

6.3.1. Plural Marking

pp.：  171 – 170

6.3.2. Nominal Diminutives

pp.：  171 – 171

6.3.3. Possessives

pp.：  172 – 172

6.3.4. Classifiers and Measure Words

pp.：  173 – 173

6.3.5. The Formation and Characteristics of Reflexives

pp.：  174 – 173

6.3.6. Verbal Grammatical Categories

pp.：  174 – 177

6.3.7. Case Marking Particles

pp.：  178 – 179

6.4. The Position of Anong in Tibeto-Burman

pp.：  180 – 189

6.4.1. Phonological Features

pp.：  182 – 184

6.4.2. Morphological Characteristics

pp.：  185 – 186

6.4.3. Grammatical Characteristics

pp.：  187 – 189

6.5. Conclusion

pp.：  190 – 190

References

pp.：  191 – 193

Appendices

pp.：  194 – 194

Appendix A The Anong lexicon

pp.：  195 – 338

Appendix B Texts

pp.：  339 – 370

Text One: Crossbows

pp.：  339 – 345

Text Two: Overhead Cables and Boats

pp.：  346 – 355

Text Three: Pythons

pp.：  356 – 370

Appendix C An acoustic look at Anong

pp.：  371 – 404

1. Introduction

pp.：  371 – 371

1.1. Anong Data

pp.：  371 – 371

2. Vowels

pp.：  372 – 378

2.1. Vowel Raising

pp.：  374 – 374

2.2. Apical Vowel

pp.：  375 – 375

2.3. Nasal and Nasalized Vowels

pp.：  376 – 377

2.4. Influence of Lisu on the Anong Vowel System

pp.：  378 – 377

2.5. Summary

pp.：  378 – 378

3. Consonants

pp.：  379 – 391

3.1. Variation in Consonant Production

pp.：  380 – 382

3.2. Voice Onset Time

pp.：  383 – 386

3.3. Coronal Contrasts

pp.：  387 – 391

4. Tones and Tense-Modal Register

pp.：  392 – 401

4.1. Tones

pp.：  392 – 394

4.2. Tense-Modal Register

pp.：  395 – 401

5. Conclusions

pp.：  402 – 401

References

pp.：  402 – 404

Index

pp.：  405 – 408