Contents

pp.：  7 – 12

Acknowledgements

pp.：  13 – 14

List of Illustrations

pp.：  15 – 16

Introduction

pp.：  17 – 34

Medieval and Early Modern Swedish Society

pp.：  25 – 34

Chapter One The Process: Traditional Marriage Formation in Medieval Sweden

pp.：  35 – 104

1.1 The Swedish Process of Marriage Formation in Secular Custom and Law

pp.：  35 – 38

1.2 Betrothal and the Consent of the Marriage Guardian

pp.：  39 – 63

The Legal Guardianship of Women in Medieval Sweden

pp.：  39 – 43

The Defi nition and Duties of the Marriage Guardian

pp.：  44 – 50

Guardians, Abductions and Peace Legislation

pp.：  51 – 54

Betrothal as the Paramount Legal Act in the Swedish Marriage Process

pp.：  55 – 63

1.3 The Wedding and the Bedding: Enforcing the Contract

pp.：  64 – 81

The Wedding: Giving Away and Transferring the Bride

pp.：  64 – 68

The Wedding Feast: A Showcase of Family Wealth and Power

pp.：  69 – 75

The Bedding of the Bridal Couple: A Symbolic Public Ritual

pp.：  76 – 81

1.4 The Marriage Process and Property Consequences

pp.：  82 – 101

Property and Matrimony: Inextricably Intervowen

pp.：  82 – 84

Before the Wedding and Bedding: Friend Gifts, Dowry and Other Transactions

pp.：  85 – 89

After the Wedding and Bedding: Communal Property and Guardianship

pp.：  90 – 93

The Importance of the Morning Gift in Medieval Sweden

pp.：  94 – 101

1.5 Summary

pp.：  102 – 104

Chapter Two The Act: The Making of Marriage in Medieval Canon Law

pp.：  105 – 164

2.1 Matrimony, Sacramentality and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction: Defi ning and Supervising Marriage

pp.：  105 – 116

The Gregorian Revolution and the Developing Legal Machinery of the Church

pp.：  105 – 106

Matrimony as a Church-Regulated Sacrament

pp.：  107 – 116

2.2 The Church's Policy of Consent: Guaranteeing Individual Choice

pp.：  117 – 137

The Origins and Development of the Consent Theory in the Twelfth Century

pp.：  117 – 122

Marriage Formation in Classical Canon Law: Concentrating on Consent

pp.：  123 – 127

The Words of Consent: Sponsalia de futuro and de praesenti

pp.：  128 – 133

Evidence and Interpretations of the Infl uence of the Consensual Marriage Theory

pp.：  134 – 137

2.3 The Church's Policy of Ecclesiastical Solemnization of Marriage

pp.：  138 – 150

Solemnization in facie ecclesiae: Discovering Marriage Impediments

pp.：  138 – 142

The Paradox of Clandestine Marriage: Valid But Illicit

pp.：  143 – 150

2.4 The Paradoxical Status of Consummation in Canon Law

pp.：  151 – 160

Gratian and the Consummation Theory: The Harmonization of Discordant Traditions

pp.：  151 – 157

The Uncertain Role of Consummation in Classical Canon Law

pp.：  158 – 160

2.5 Summary

pp.：  161 – 164

Chapter Three The Challenge: Controlling Marriage Formation in Medieval Sweden

pp.：  165 – 278

3.1 Marriage and the Church in Medieval Sweden: Imposing Indissolubility and Combating Incest

pp.：  165 – 169

3.2 The Secular Reaction to Free Consent: Securing the Guardian's Rights

pp.：  170 – 198

Free Choice vs. Paternal Consent: The Effects of the Canonical Dogma

pp.：  170 – 175

Consent of the Principals vs. Parental Consent in Medieval Sweden and Scandinavia

pp.：  176 – 182

Disinheritance and Parental Consent: Swedish Patriarchalism?

pp.：  183 – 190

Vulnerable Virgins Abused by Their Guardians: Limited Legal Recourses

pp.：  191 – 194

Being in Control: The Roles of the Marriage Guardian and the Priest

pp.：  195 – 198

3.3 Increasing Ecclesiastical Control of the Betrothal

pp.：  199 – 219

Breaking Betrothals: The Exercise of Episcopal Power and Control in Late Medieval Sweden

pp.：  199 – 206

Trothplight: Intermingling of the Swedish Betrothal and Ecclesiastical Sponsalia

pp.：  207 – 215

Ecclesiastical Betrothal: Fighting 'Clandestine' Betrothals and Improving Control

pp.：  216 – 219

3.4 The Growing Importance of Solemnization

pp.：  220 – 244

The Church's Insistance on Solemnization in Medieval Sweden

pp.：  220 – 228

The Role of the Banns in the Fight against Incest and Bigamy

pp.：  229 – 238

The Position of the Nobility and the Towns in Adopting Ecclesiastical Solemnization

pp.：  239 – 244

3.5 Legitimacy of Children and The Marriage Process

pp.：  245 – 271

Traditional Scandinavian Notions of the Status of Children: Grading Inheritance Rights

pp.：  245 – 250

Canonical Classifi cations of Legitimacy and Illegitimacy

pp.：  251 – 254

Converging Variants of the Defi nition of Legitimacy: Canonical Infl uences on Sweden

pp.：  255 – 264

Children in the Swedish Marriage Process

pp.：  265 – 271

3.6 Summary

pp.：  272 – 278

Chapter Four Ecclesiastical Control vs. Traditional Marriage Formation in Reformation Sweden

pp.：  279 – 404

4.1 The Reformation and Matrimonial Law

pp.：  279 – 287

The Reformation and Marriage

pp.：  279 – 281

The Lutheran Reformation and Marriage in Sweden

pp.：  282 – 287

4.2 The Lutheran Church and the Control of Marriage: The Net Tightens

pp.：  288 – 298

The Jurisdiction of Matrimony in the Swedish Lutheran Church

pp.：  288 – 290

The Clergy: Dependence on the Crown and Intensifying Internal Discipline

pp.：  291 – 294

The Position of the Clergy: Controlling Conduct at the Parish Level

pp.：  295 – 298

4.3 Love or Duty: Free Choice and Parental Consent in Reformation Sweden

pp.：  299 – 312

The Reformation and Parental Consent: Protestant Theory and Practice

pp.：  299 – 303

The Swedish Lutheran Church and Parental Consent

pp.：  304 – 312

4.4 Trothplight, Betrothal and Consummation: Return to Formality

pp.：  313 – 338

Against Clandestinity: Engagements in Protestant Ideology

pp.：  313 – 315

Betrothal, Trothplight and Matrimony: Upholding the Principle of Presumed Marriage

pp.：  316 – 322

'Ecclesiasticizing' the Betrothal and Trothplighting

pp.：  323 – 329

Breaking the Betrothal: Business as Usual

pp.：  330 – 338

4.5 Increasing Insistence on Ecclesiastical Solemnization

pp.：  339 – 362

The Growing Acceptance of Ecclesiastical Solemnization

pp.：  339 – 343

Banns, Foreigners and Evidence: Coping with Mobility

pp.：  344 – 350

'Neglecting God's Word': Limiting Popular Wedding Customs and Festivities

pp.：  351 – 356

Resisting Ecclesiastical Solemnization: Protest, Poverty or Discord?

pp.：  357 – 362

4.6 The Marriage Process and Sexual Crime: Policing Illicit Intercourse

pp.：  363 – 385

Matrimony, Sexual Crime and the Church: A World of Absolutes

pp.：  367 – 371

Delayed Marriages, Sexual Criminality and Wedding Costs

pp.：  372 – 376

Pragmatic Attitudes of Secular Society toward Sexual Crime and Marriage

pp.：  377 – 385

4.7 'Preserving the Difference': The Church, Children and their Parents

pp.：  386 – 398

Christening and Churching as Mechanisms of Control

pp.：  386 – 398

Adorning Brides with a Difference: The Crown Offence and Prenuptial Fornication

pp.：  396 – 398

4.8 Summary

pp.：  399 – 404

Chapter Five Conclusion

pp.：  405 – 418

5.1 Marriage Formation in Sweden, 1200–1600

pp.：  405 – 412

5.2 Why did the Traditional Swedish Marriage Process Persist for So Long?

pp.：  413 – 418

Abbreviations

pp.：  419 – 422

Sources and Bibliography

pp.：  423 – 444

Index

pp.：  445 – 453