Contents

pp.：  5 – 11

Author Biographies

pp.：  12 – 15

Series Foreword

pp.：  16 – 18

Editor’s Introduction

pp.：  19 – 40

Part One Analytical Approaches: History of Practice · Women’s History · Local Administration · Discourse Analysis · Case Records as Ethnographic Evidence

pp.：  41 – 42

Chapter 1 The History-of-Practice Approach to Studying Chinese Law

pp.：  43 – 64

Practice as Opposed to Theory: Legal Formalism and the History of Practice of American Law

pp.：  44 – 44

Practice as Opposed to Representation: Qing Law

pp.：  45 – 47

Practice as Opposed to Institutions: Male and Female Inheritance Rights and Their Actual Operation

pp.：  48 – 48

The History of Practice vs. Formalist Theory

pp.：  49 – 49

Practical Moralism

pp.：  50 – 53

Divorce Law Practices and the System of Court Mediation

pp.：  54 – 56

The Third Realm and Centralized Minimalism

pp.：  57 – 59

Community Mediation under Minimalist Governance

pp.：  60 – 62

References

pp.：  63 – 64

Chapter 2 Women and Property in China, 960–1949, Introduction and Conclusion

pp.：  65 – 74

Introduction

pp.：  65 – 70

The Issues

pp.：  65 – 68

Source Materials

pp.：  69 – 70

The Song Baseline

pp.：  71 – 70

Conclusion

pp.：  71 – 73

References

pp.：  74 – 74

Chapter 3 Illicit Bureaucrats

pp.：  75 – 106

Preface

pp.：  75 – 79

The Issues

pp.：  80 – 83

Past Scholarship

pp.：  84 – 101

Administration and Bureaucracy

pp.：  84 – 90

State and Society

pp.：  91 – 95

Corruption

pp.：  96 – 101

References

pp.：  102 – 106

Chapter 4 From Oral Testimony to Written Records in Qing Legal Cases

pp.：  107 – 136

Introduction

pp.：  107 – 107

The Status of Depositions in Qing Legal Procedure

pp.：  108 – 110

Writing Legal Testimony in the Context of Literary Culture

pp.：  111 – 114

Records of Oral Testimony Written in the Vernacular

pp.：  115 – 120

Composing Testimony at the Local Level: A “Directly Examined” Case from Beijing

pp.：  121 – 127

Conclusion

pp.：  128 – 129

Character List

pp.：  130 – 131

References

pp.：  132 – 136

Chapter 5 Abortion in Late Imperial China: Routine Birth Control or Crisis Intervention?

pp.：  137 – 208

Introduction

pp.：  137 – 141

Past Scholarship

pp.：  142 – 159

The Demographic Historians: Routine Birth Control to Limit Family Size?

pp.：  142 – 152

The Gender Historians: Autonomous Fertility Control by Elite Wives?

pp.：  153 – 159

Abortion in Qing Legal Records

pp.：  160 – 182

Abortion in Qing Law

pp.：  160 – 164

The Practice of Abortion as Seen in Qing Legal Cases

pp.：  165 – 172

The Cost and Accessibility of Abortion

pp.：  173 – 180

Inconvenient Pregnancies Carried to Term

pp.：  181 – 182

Unsafe Abortion in Modern China

pp.：  183 – 192

Traditional Abortion Methods in Hebei, 1928

pp.：  183 – 185

Traditional Abortion Techniques since 1949

pp.：  186 – 187

The Persistence of Unsafe Traditional Abortifacients

pp.：  188 – 192

Conclusion

pp.：  193 – 194

Glossary

pp.：  195 – 197

References

pp.：  198 – 208

Part Two Buying and Selling of Land · Homicides

pp.：  209 – 210

Chapter 6 Customary and Judicial Practices as Seen in Criminal Sales of Land in Qing Manchuria

pp.：  211 – 233

Sources and Methods

pp.：  213 – 213

The Criminalization of Customary Practice in Manchuria

pp.：  214 – 214

The Sale of Qing Land to Commoners

pp.：  215 – 223

Rural Agents, Peasant Defiance, and the Politics of Local Compromise

pp.：  224 – 227

Adjudication in the Face of Criminal Customary Acts

pp.：  228 – 230

References

pp.：  231 – 233

Chapter 7 Guoshi Killing: The Continuum of Criminal Intent in Qing and Republican China

pp.：  234 – 272

Guoshi Killing in the Qing Dynasty

pp.：  235 – 253

Guoshi Killing as Accidental Killing

pp.：  236 – 239

Guoshi Killing as Negligent Killing

pp.：  240 – 242

Non-Guoshi Negligence

pp.：  243 – 246

Killing at Play

pp.：  247 – 253

The Republican Codes

pp.：  254 – 267

Guoshi in the Republican-era Criminal Codes

pp.：  254 – 258

Republican-era Guoshi Cases

pp.：  259 – 259

Standard Negligence

pp.：  260 – 262

Accident, Negligence, or Neither?

pp.：  263 – 265

Negligence or Intention?

pp.：  266 – 267

Conclusion

pp.：  268 – 268

References

pp.：  269 – 272

Part Three Tax · Education · Local Governance

pp.：  273 – 274

Chapter 8 Between the State and the Village: Land Taxation and “Substantive Governance” in Traditional China

pp.：  275 – 303

Introduction

pp.：  275 – 280

The County Government and the Xiangdi

pp.：  281 – 284

The Xiangdi’s Delivery of Taxes

pp.：  282 – 283

Tax Prompting by the County Government

pp.：  284 – 284

Village Regulations on Taxation in the Late Qing

pp.：  285 – 286

Village Regulations on Taxation in the Republican Period

pp.：  287 – 293

Village Regulations

pp.：  287 – 288

Noncompliance

pp.：  289 – 290

The Tax-Prompting Xiangdi

pp.：  291 – 293

The Collection of Enclave Taxes

pp.：  294 – 295

Conclusion

pp.：  296 – 300

References

pp.：  301 – 303

Chapter 9 Village-State Cooperation: Modern Community Schools and Their Funding, Haicheng County, Fengtian, 1905–1931

pp.：  304 – 331

The Setting: Fengtian Province and Haicheng County

pp.：  306 – 307

Funding the New Community Primary Schools

pp.：  308 – 318

Costs of Establishing and Operating Community Primary Schools

pp.：  308 – 309

Methods of Funding Primary Schools

pp.：  310 – 318

Multi-Village Relationships: Creativity, Cooperation, and Conflict

pp.：  319 – 328

References

pp.：  329 – 331

Chapter 10 Power Networks and State-Society Relations in Republican China

pp.：  332 – 360

Local Governance in Late Imperial China

pp.：  335 – 336

Xinmin County in Early Republican China

pp.：  337 – 339

The Appointment of Ward Officials

pp.：  338 – 339

Power Networks in Xinmin County

pp.：  340 – 344

Conflict between Village Headmen

pp.：  341 – 341

Village Residents versus Village Headmen

pp.：  342 – 343

Villagers versus Villagers

pp.：  344 – 344

Sub-County Administration in the Early Republic

pp.：  345 – 345

Sichuan and the National Government

pp.：  346 – 357

Changes in Local Administration

pp.：  347 – 349

Power Networks and the Ward Office

pp.：  350 – 353

Power Networks and the Township-Village Office

pp.：  354 – 357

Conclusion

pp.：  358 – 357

References

pp.：  358 – 360

Part Four Concubinage · Spousal Abuse · Transnational Families

pp.：  361 – 362

Chapter 11 Ceremony and the Definition of Marriage under Republican Law

pp.：  363 – 391

Ceremony in Social Practice

pp.：  364 – 370

The Ceremony for a Main Wife

pp.：  364 – 365

The Ceremony for a Minor Wife

pp.：  366 – 367

A “Main Wife” Ceremony for a Concubine

pp.：  368 – 370

Ceremony in Early Republican Law

pp.：  371 – 377

The Legal Space for Concubinage in the Early Republic

pp.：  378 – 381

Ceremony in the 1929–30 Civil Code

pp.：  382 – 385

From Consent to Complicity under GMD Law

pp.：  386 – 388

References

pp.：  389 – 391

Chapter 12 Spousal Abuse: Divorce Litigation and the Emergence of Rights Consciousness in Republican China

pp.：  392 – 425

The Prevalence of Intolerable Cruelty Divorce Litigation

pp.：  395 – 397

From Grievance to Injustice: “Naming, Blaming, and Claiming”

pp.：  398 – 399

“Please Protect Women’s Rights”: Cao Xiuzhen’s Pleas

pp.：  400 – 404

Intolerable Cruelty Defenses: Marriage Finance, Economic Hardship, and Socioeconomic Interpretations of Rights

pp.：  405 – 412

“Marriage and money are not easy matters”: Lü Linger v. Ding Maotou

pp.：  408 – 410

“How can such trivial reasons be allowed to split us up?”: Zhu Xu shi v. Zhu Er

pp.：  411 – 412

State Approaches to Intolerable Cruelty Cases: Judicial Outcomes Affirm a Modern Conjugal Patriarchy

pp.：  413 – 420

State Validation of Women’s Grievances Narrowly Construed

pp.：  414 – 415

Severity and Proof: Guo Zhou shi Granted Divorce after Severe Beating

pp.：  416 – 418

Habitual Abuse: Li Yourong Receives a Divorce after Repeated Abuse

pp.：  419 – 420

Individual Rights and the Ironic Affirmation of Modern Conjugal Patriarchy

pp.：  421 – 421

References

pp.：  422 – 425

Chapter 13 Law, Gongqin, and Transnational Polygamy: Family Matters in Fujian and British Malaya, 1855–1942

pp.：  426 – 478

Between Two Worlds: The Making of Chinese Customary Law in Malaya

pp.：  433 – 441

Establishment of Common Law in Malaya

pp.：  434 – 434

Exceptions to the Common Law: The Making of Chinese Customary Law

pp.：  435 – 441

The Uncustomary Chinese Customary Law: Polygamy and Formalities of Marriage

pp.：  442 – 454

Jiating shi 家庭事: Law and Family Life across Geographical Boundaries

pp.：  455 – 468

Tongyangxi

pp.：  455 – 463

Christians

pp.：  464 – 468

Mediation and Enforcement: The Gongqin in Cross-Border Conflicts

pp.：  469 – 473

The Ups and Downs of a Gongqin

pp.：  470 – 471

Implicating the Gongqin (gongqin bian shizhu 公亲变事主)

pp.：  472 – 473

Conclusion

pp.：  474 – 474

References

pp.：  475 – 478

People Interviewed

pp.：  475 – 474

Works Cited

pp.：  475 – 478

Part Five Past and Present: Local Administration · Court Mediation

pp.：  479 – 480

Chapter 14 Centralized Minimalism: Semiformal Governance by Quasi-Officials and Dispute Resolution in China

pp.：  481 – 507

The Evidence

pp.：  482 – 492

The Late Qing Baodi County Example

pp.：  482 – 484

The Republican Shunyi Example

pp.：  485 – 487

Tax Administration in Late Qing and Republican Huailu County

pp.：  488 – 488

Educational Administration and Village Schools in Haicheng County in the Northeast

pp.：  489 – 490

Yamen Administration in Ba County, Sichuan, in the Qing

pp.：  491 – 492

Centralized Minimalism

pp.：  493 – 496

Confucianized Legalism

pp.：  497 – 498

Bureaucratization and Minimalism in Contemporary China

pp.：  499 – 503

References

pp.：  504 – 507

Chapter 15 Court Mediation in China, Past and Present

pp.：  508 – 548

The Ideology of Mediation in the Qing

pp.：  510 – 511

The Actual Practice of Qing Courts

pp.：  512 – 514

Mediation in the Republic

pp.：  515 – 517

The Ideology of Mediation in Post-1949 China

pp.：  518 – 521

The Practice of Court Mediation in Post-1949 China

pp.：  522 – 530

No-Fault Mutual Consent Divorce Cases

pp.：  522 – 525

No-Fault “Tort” Cases

pp.：  526 – 526

Both Parties Equally at Fault

pp.：  527 – 528

Both Parties Bearing Equally Legitimate Claims or Obligations

pp.：  529 – 530

Between Mediation and Adjudication

pp.：  531 – 535

The Nature of Contemporary Chinese Judicial Mediation

pp.：  536 – 539

The Qing, the Republic, and Post-1949 China

pp.：  540 – 540

The Logic of Chinese Court Mediation

pp.：  541 – 543

References

pp.：  544 – 548

Interviews

pp.：  544 – 543

Case Records

pp.：  544 – 544

Books and Articles

pp.：  545 – 548

Postscript

pp.：  549 – 550

Chapter 16 How a “New Legal History” Might Be Possible: Recent Trends in Chinese Legal History Studies in the United States and Their Implications

pp.：  551 – 586

Introduction: An Intellectual Earthquake?

pp.：  551 – 551

Westerners’ Misunderstandings of and Reflections on Traditional Chinese Law

pp.：  552 – 555

Judicial Archives and Research on Chinese Legal History

pp.：  556 – 559

Chinese Legal History Studies and the Social Sciences

pp.：  560 – 562

Discovering a Historical Sense in the Meeting of Empiricism and Theory

pp.：  563 – 570

Stones from Other Hills May Serve to Polish the Jade of This One 他山之石, 可以攻玉: The UCLA Research Group’s Achievements and Chinese Introspection

pp.：  571 – 575

Conclusion

pp.：  576 – 576

References

pp.：  577 – 586