Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Navigating Inter-Religious Life in Medieval Spain

Religious Polemic, Windows, and Mirrors

Religious Polemic in Medieval Spain

Part One

Chapter One Contending Borders

Christians under Islam in Ninth Century Cordova

The Muslim Conquest of Spain

Conversion and Ḏimma Regulations in Islamic Spain

Ninth Century Cordovan Christian Communities

Conclusion

Chapter Two Outlining Borders of Religious Identity

The Polemic of Eulogius and Alvarus

Eulogius and His Writings

Alvarus and His Indiculus luminosus

Conclusion

Chapter Three The Borders that Divide

Isolation and Religious Distinction

Eulogius and Alvarus Opposed to Islam

Eulogius and Alvarus and the Connections between Culture and Religion

Eulogius and Alvarus with a Mission to Secure Muslims’ Damnation

Eulogius, Alvarus, and New Characters in Old Stories

Eulogius and Alvarus on the Other Side of Revulsion

Eulogius and Alvarus as Unveilers of Authentic Islam

Conclusion

Part Two

Chapter Four Becoming a Mozarab Center

Christians in Medieval Toledo

Elipandus, Islam, and Ecclesiological Independence in Spain

Elipandus and Christological Preferences

Toledo Becomes a Mozarab Center

Conclusion

Chapter Five Another View from the Borders of Religious Identity

Polemic in Eleventh–Twelfth Century Toledo

Reading an Audience

The Liber denudationis

The Dialogus

The Taṯlīṯ al-waḥdānīya

The Letter of al-Qūṭī

Conclusion

Chapter Six Permeable Borders

Cultural Proximity and Religious Distinctiveness

A New Basis for Christian Identity in Spain

Deploying Old Starting Points for Christian Identity

Christianity without Religious Competition

Christianity beyond the Foolishness of Islam

Conclusion

Conclusion

Bibliography

Index