Contents

Preface

Abbreviations

Chapter One. Introduction

1.1 Background

1.2 A ‘Continuum’ of Scriptural Reworking

1.3 The Approach of This Study

1.3.1 Compositional Technique and Exegesis

1.3.2 The Categories of Compositional Technique Used in This Study

1.3.3 The Problem of Fragmentary Texts: Addition from Elsewhere vs. Rearrangement

1.3.4 Identifying Changes against the Background of a Fluid Text

Chapter Two. Composition and Exegesis in 4Q158

2.1 Addition of New Material

2.1.1 Large and Moderate Additions

2.1.2 Minor Additions of New Material

2.2 Addition of Material from Elsewhere in the Pentateuch

2.2.1 Command Lacking Fulfillment

2.2.2 Fulfillment Lacking Command?

2.2.3 Noting Explicitly a Command’s Fulfillment

2.2.4 Providing the ‘Transcript’ of a Recollection

2.2.5 Thematic Connection: Covenant

2.2.6 Thematic Connection: Jacob and Moses

2.2.7 Concluding Remarks on Addition of Material from Elsewhere in 4Q158

2.3 Omission

2.4 Paraphrase

2.4.1 Extensive Paraphrase: Fragment 14

2.4.2 Another Example of Paraphrase?

2.5 Rearrangement: The Decalogue

2.6 Minor Alterations

2.7 Compositional Technique in 4Q158

2.8 Understanding the Development of 4Q158

Chapter Three. Composition and Exegesis in the Remaining 4QReworked Pentateuch Manuscripts (4Q364-367)

3.1 4Q364

3.1.1 Addition of New Material

3.1.2 Addition of Material from Elsewhere

3.1.3 Omissions

3.1.4 Paraphrase and Rearrangement

3.1.5 Minor Alterations

3.1.6 Summary

3.2 4Q365 (+ 4Q365a)

3.2.1 Addition of New Material

3.2.2 Addition of Material from Elsewhere

3.2.3 Omissions

3.2.4 Paraphrase and Rearrangement

3.2.5 Minor Alterations

3.2.6 Special Cases: The Challenge of Understanding Major Juxtapositions

3.2.7 Summary

3.3 4Q366

3.3.1 Minor Alterations and Additions

3.3.2 Rearrangements (?)

3.3.3 Summary

3.4 4Q367

3.5 Summary: The 4QRP Manuscripts in Comparison to One Another

Chapter Four. Points of Comparison I: The Samaritan Pentateuch and Its Forebears

4.1 Addition of New Material

4.2 Addition of Material from Elsewhere

4.3 Omissions

4.4 Rearrangements

4.5 Minor Alterations

4.6 Replacements with Material from Elsewhere

4.7 Summary

Chapter Five. Points of Comparison II: The Temple Scroll

5.1 Passage One: Minimal Changes (TS 63:1-8)

5.2 Passage Two: A Series of Laws Grouped by Topic (TS 52:1-21)

5.3 Passage Three: One Law out of Many (TS 17:6-16)

5.4 Passage Four: Extending a Pattern (TS 66:11-16)

5.5 Passage Five: The Composition of New Law (TS 21:12-23:01)

5.6 Compositional Technique in TS and the 4QRP Mss

5.6.1 Minor Changes (Additions, Omissions, and Alterations)

5.6.2 Paraphrase/Unification of Parallel Laws

5.6.3 Rearrangement/Topical Grouping

5.6.4 Additions

5.6.5 Summary

Chapter Six. Conclusion

6.1 A Clearer Understanding of the Texts

6.2 Implications

6.2.1 Compositional Techniques and Interpretive Goals

6.2.2 Compositional Techniques and the Status of a Rewritten Text

6.2.3 A Continuum of Scriptural Reworking?

6.2.4 Looking Ahead

Appendix One. Transcription and Translation of 4Q158

Appendix Two. Unique Variants in 4Q158 by Fragment

Bibliography

Index of Ancient Sources

Index of Modern Authors