Contents

pp.：  7 – 10

List of photos

pp.：  11 – 12

List of tables

pp.：  13 – 14

Acknowledgements

pp.：  15 – 18

On terminology, spelling and pronunciation

pp.：  19 – 20

List of terminology

pp.：  21 – 24

Abbreviations and acronyms

pp.：  25 – 26

An overview of the movements

pp.：  27 – 28

Sources

pp.：  29 – 34

Introduction

pp.：  35 – 60

Kel Tamasheq politics

pp.：  37 – 55

A reader’s guide to this book

pp.：  56 – 49

An ethnography of historical research

pp.：  50 – 60

1. Creating Mali

pp.：  61 – 120

Competing nationalisms

pp.：  63 – 64

From Soudan Français to the Mali Republic

pp.：  65 – 68

Party politics in Soudan Français

pp.：  69 – 80

International complications

pp.：  81 – 102

Creating Mali

pp.：  103 – 113

Coercion, resistance and control

pp.：  114 – 118

Epilogue

pp.：  119 – 120

2. Race, stereotypes and politics

pp.：  121 – 168

Colonial images

pp.：  125 – 126

Race

pp.：  127 – 141

The bellah question

pp.：  142 – 149

The slave trade to Mecca

pp.：  150 – 160

Les guerriers des sables

pp.：  161 – 164

Nomad anarchy

pp.：  165 – 166

Epilogue

pp.：  167 – 168

3. Mali’s mission civilisatrice

pp.：  169 – 214

Ruling the North

pp.：  172 – 176

The chiefs’ question

pp.：  177 – 184

The nomad problem

pp.：  185 – 197

The revenues: Cattle and tax

pp.：  198 – 202

Fear and rumours in Kidal: The buildup to rebellion

pp.：  203 – 211

Epilogue

pp.：  212 – 214

4. Alfellaga

pp.：  215 – 260

A continuum of resistance

pp.：  218 – 220

Alfellaga

pp.：  221 – 233

Raids, skirmishes and ambushes

pp.：  234 – 236

Aqqa, or the rules of conflict

pp.：  237 – 241

Repression and retaliation

pp.：  242 – 252

The last months

pp.：  253 – 254

Epilogue

pp.：  255 – 260

5. Revolution: Teshumara and Tanekra(1968–1990)

pp.：  261 – 328

Teshumara

pp.：  263 – 279

Ishumar life

pp.：  280 – 287

Alternatives to the Teshumara

pp.：  288 – 291

Tanekra

pp.：  292 – 305

Organising the Tanekra, a narrative

pp.：  306 – 324

The later years of the Tanekra

pp.：  325 – 325

Epilogue

pp.：  326 – 328

6. Rebellion: Al-Jebha (1990–1996)

pp.：  329 – 398

The ‘real’ rebellion: June to December1990

pp.：  333 – 344

The ‘confused’ rebellion: January 1991 to February 1994

pp.：  345 – 364

Masters of the Land: February to October 1994

pp.：  365 – 386

The return of peace: October 1994 to March 1996

pp.：  387 – 398

7. Conclusions

pp.：  399 – 408

Decolonisation, the state and nationalism

pp.：  400 – 402

Stereotypes, nation and race

pp.：  403 – 405

A last question

pp.：  406 – 408

Epilogue

pp.：  409 – 436

References

pp.：  437 – 454

Interviews

pp.：  446 – 447

Newspaper articles

pp.：  448 – 449

Unpublished manuscripts and documents

pp.：  450 – 452

Discography

pp.：  453 – 452

Websites

pp.：  453 – 454

Index

pp.：  455 – 468