Contents

List of Abbreviations

Author Biographies

Text of Article 33

Foreword by Dr. Dainius Puras

Chapter One Introduction

1. Drugs and the CRC: A Neglected Issue

2. Children As Justification in Drug Control

3. Article 33 in Academic Literature and Drug Policy Discourse

Chapter Two Comparison with Related Human Rights Provisions

1. Relationship to Other International Instruments

2. Relationship to Other Articles of the CRC

Chapter Three Scope of Article 33

1. How the CRC Committee Has Dealt with Article 33

2. Unpacking the Text

2.1. ‘Shall Take All Appropriate Measures’

2.2. ‘Including Legislative, Administrative, Social and Educational Measures’

2.3. ‘Protect Children from the Illicit Use’

2.4. ‘Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances As Defined in the Relevant International Treaties’

2.5. ‘Prevent the Use of Children in the Ilicit Production and Trafficking of Such Substances’

3. Commentary on the Text

3.1. First Substantive Protection: Four Levels of Protection of Children from the Illicit Use of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

3.1.a Appropriate Measures to Reduce the Initiation of Drug Use by Children

3.1.b Appropriate Measures to Protect Children Currently Using Drugs

3.1.c Appropriate Measures to Protect Children from Drug Use in the Family

3.1.d Appropriate Measures to Protect Children from Drug Use in the Community

3.2. Second Substantive Protection: Appropriate Measures to Prevent the Use of Children in the Illicit Production and Trafficking of Such Substances

3.2.a Appropriate Measures to Prevent the Use of Children in Illicit Production and Trafficking

3.2.b Appropriate Measures Relating to Children Suspected of or in Fact Involved in Illicit Production and Trafficking

3.2.c Involvement in the Illicit Production and Trafficking of Drugs As a Worst Form of Child Labour

3.3. What Are the ‘Relevant International Treaties’ and Which Drugs Are Captured by Article 33?

3.3.a International Drug Conventions

3.3.b WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

3.3.c Alcohol

3.3.d Solvents

3.3.e The CRC and the Policy Paradigm for Drug Control

3.4. Interpreting the UN Drug Conventions Alongside the CRC

3.4.a Crop Eradication

3.4.b Drug Dependence Treatment

3.4.c Harm Reduction

3.4.d Access to Essential Controlled Medicines

Conclusion