Contents

pp.：  5 – 8

Preface and Acknowledgments

pp.：  9 – 12

Table of Cases

pp.：  13 – 20

Table of Treaties and Other Instruments

pp.：  21 – 24

Table and Figures

pp.：  25 – 26

List of Abbreviations

pp.：  27 – 30

Introduction

pp.：  31 – 34

Chapter 1 Admission under the UN Charter

pp.：  35 – 52

1.1 The Constitutive Function of Admission

pp.：  35 – 42

1.2 Admission Mechanisms: Article 4(2)

pp.：  43 – 50

1.3 Admission Criteria: Article 4(1)

pp.：  51 – 52

Chapter 2 The Early Years: Implementing Article 4?

pp.：  53 – 92

2.1 Introductory

pp.：  53 – 54

2.2 The Argentine Controversy

pp.：  55 – 56

2.3 Advisory Opinion on Conditions of Admission (1948)

pp.：  57 – 73

2.3.1 The Court's Analysis

pp.：  58 – 69

2.3.2 Negative Votes and Non-application of the Substantive Criteria

pp.：  70 – 72

2.3.3 Elaborating the Criteria for Admission

pp.：  73 – 73

2.4 Substantive Criteria and the Procedures for Admission

pp.：  74 – 92

2.4.1 Rules of Procedure

pp.：  75 – 81

2.4.2 Implementation

pp.：  82 – 92

(i) Committee on Admission of New Members: Questionnaires and Applicant Responses

pp.：  82 – 87

(ii) Disuse of the Committee on Admission

pp.：  88 – 92

Chapter 3 The Road to Universality: The Admissions of 1955–6

pp.：  93 – 128

3.1 The 'Logjam'

pp.：  94 – 96

3.2 The General Assembly and the Non-admissibility of Spain

pp.：  97 – 98

3.3 Universality as Legal Requirement?

pp.：  99 – 110

3.3.1 Universality Defi ned

pp.：  100 – 103

(i) A UN Principle

pp.：  100 – 101

(ii) A Measure of Tasks and Potential

pp.：  102 – 103

3.3.2 Universality in the Charter as a Whole

pp.：  104 – 104

3.3.3 Universality and Sovereign Equality

pp.：  105 – 110

3.4 Universality as Policy Decision

pp.：  111 – 115

3.5 The Package Deal

pp.：  116 – 124

3.5.1 Japan

pp.：  118 – 118

3.5.2 Mongolia: Admission Deferred

pp.：  119 – 120

3.5.3 Albania

pp.：  121 – 121

3.5.4 Jordan

pp.：  122 – 121

3.5.5 Hungary

pp.：  122 – 122

3.5.6 Romania

pp.：  123 – 122

3.5.7 Bulgaria

pp.：  123 – 123

3.5.8 Libya

pp.：  124 – 124

3.5.9 Spain

pp.：  125 – 124

3.6 Conclusions

pp.：  125 – 128

Chapter 4 Universality Affi rmed: The Eclipse of Substantive Admission Criteria

pp.：  129 – 174

4.1 Universality under Charter Law: The Views of States after the Package Deal

pp.：  129 – 142

4.2 The Charter after Eclipse of the Substantive Criteria

pp.：  143 – 174

4.2.1 Practice as Eff ecting Change in the Constitutive Instrument

pp.：  144 – 153

4.2.2 Interpretation or Amendment?

pp.：  154 – 168

(i) General Considerations

pp.：  154 – 156

(ii) Article 4(1): Interpreted or Amended?

pp.：  157 – 168

4.2.3 Entrenchment of Article 4(1) Practice

pp.：  169 – 174

Chapter 5 Admission after the Package Deal

pp.：  175 – 230

5.1 Statehood as the Residual Criterion

pp.：  175 – 218

5.1.1 Claims to the Territory of a State

pp.：  176 – 180

5.1.2 The 'Divided States'

pp.：  181 – 191

(i) Germany

pp.：  182 – 189

(ii) Korea

pp.：  190 – 190

(iii) Conclusion

pp.：  191 – 191

5.1.3 Taiwan

pp.：  192 – 215

(i) Introductory

pp.：  192 – 192

(ii) Resolution 2758 (XXVI): A Question of Credentials

pp.：  193 – 195

(iii) One China, One Membership

pp.：  196 – 197

(iv) Limiting the Territorial Scope of Credentials

pp.：  198 – 199

(v) Status of Taiwan: Early Signs of Consolidation

pp.：  200 – 201

(vi) Original Membership: a Basis for Special Rights?

pp.：  202 – 204

(vii) Taiwan's Applications for Admission

pp.：  205 – 207

(viii) Status Redux: Erosion and Consolidation

pp.：  208 – 215

5.1.4 Kosovo

pp.：  216 – 218

5.2 Contested Admission as the Exceptional Case

pp.：  219 – 230

Chapter 6 Universality Achieved: Micro-States, Neutral States, and the Residue of Empires

pp.：  231 – 280

6.1 Independence of States in the 1990s

pp.：  232 – 267

6.1.1 Macedonia

pp.：  233 – 243

6.1.2 Other States in the Former Yugoslavia

pp.：  244 – 256

(i) Yugoslavia: Extinction, Continuity, or Improvisation?

pp.：  244 – 255

(ii) Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina

pp.：  256 – 256

6.1.3 States in the Former USSR

pp.：  257 – 266

(i) Introductory

pp.：  257 – 257

(ii) The Agreed End of Soviet Power

pp.：  258 – 260

(iii) The Baltic States

pp.：  261 – 261

(iv) Ukraine and Belarus: Union Republics as Original Members

pp.：  262 – 262

(v) Georgia

pp.：  263 – 264

(vi) Other Territories of the USSR

pp.：  265 – 266

6.1.4 Czech and Slovak Republics

pp.：  267 – 267

6.2 Very Small Island States

pp.：  268 – 269

6.3 The European Micro-States

pp.：  270 – 273

6.4 Switzerland

pp.：  274 – 278

6.5 Conclusion

pp.：  279 – 280

Chapter 7 Consequences of Admission

pp.：  281 – 322

7.1 Legal Consequences of Admission as a Member State

pp.：  281 – 303

7.1.1 Statehood and UN Membership

pp.：  282 – 286

7.1.2 International Responsibility

pp.：  287 – 288

7.1.3 Access to the International Court of Justice

pp.：  289 – 293

7.1.4 Participation in other UN Processes

pp.：  294 – 295

7.1.5 The Presumption of Continuity of Membership

pp.：  296 – 303

7.2 Universality and the Future of International Organization

pp.：  304 – 322

7.2.1 Minimum Access to Processes of International Relations

pp.：  304 – 306

7.2.2 Consolidation of the International Community as a Whole

pp.：  307 – 313

7.2.3 Universal Vocation versus Sectoral Tasks

pp.：  314 – 322

Conclusion

pp.：  323 – 330

Bibliography

pp.：  331 – 342

Index

pp.：  343 – 364