Aviation Law: Cases, Laws and Related Sources

CONTENTS

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INTRODUCTION: EVOLUTION OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY

A. Introduction

B. Early History of Flight

1. Lighter Than Air (Balloons to Blimps)

2. Heavier Than Air

C. The First World War Era

D. The Inter-War Years (1919–1939)

1. Internationalism

2. Imperial Air Service to Colonies

3. Airmail

4. The Anti-Competitive Scandal (1930–1934)

5. The Atlantic Challenge (1919–1927)

6. Passenger and Cargo Services

7. Federal Regulation of the Air Transportation Industry

E. Aircraft Design and Manufacturers

F. The Beginnings of Airlines in America and Their Competitive Struggles

G. The Second World War (1939–1945)

H. Total Regulation of the Aviation Industry

I. Jets, Supersonic Flight and the Race into Space

J. Deregulation

K. September 11, 2001

CHAPTER ONE: INTERNATIONAL LAW OF AIR OPERATIONS

A. Development

1. The 1919 Treaty of Paris (International Convention on Air Navigation)

2. The 1928 Pan American Convention on Commercial Aviation

3. The 1944 Chicago Conference (International Convention on Civil Aviation

B. The Chicago Convention

Preamble

Part I—Air Navigation Chapter I—General Principles and Application of the Convention

Chapter II—Flight over Territory of Contracting States

Chapter III—Nationality of Aircraft

Chapter IV—Measures to Facilitate Air Navigation

Chapter V—Conditions to Be Fulfilled with Respect to Aircraft

Chapter VI—International Standards and Recommended Practices

British Caledonian Airways Ltd. v. Bond

Part II—The International Civil Aviation Organization

Chapter VII—The Organization

Chapter VIII—The Assembly

Chapter IX—The Council

Chapter X—The Air Navigation Commission

Chapter XI—Personnel

Part IV–Final Provisions

Chapter XVII–Other Aeronautical Agreements and Arrangements

CHAPTER XVIII–DISPUTES AND DEFAULT

CHAPTER XIX–WAR

CHAPTER XX–ANNEXES

Further Reading

CHAPTER TWO: CRIMES, TORTS AND RAGE INVOLVING AIRCRAFT

A. International Crimes

1. 1963 Convention on Offfenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on BoardAircraft (Tokyo Convention)

Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board AircraftSigned at Tokyo, on 14 September 1963 (Tokyo Convention)

Chapter I—Scope of the Convention

Chapter II—Jurisdiction

Chapter III—Powers of the Aircraft Commander

Chapter IV—Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft

Chapter V—Powers And Duties of States

Chapter VI—Other Provisions

Chapter VII—Final Clauses

2. 1970 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft(Hague Convention on Hijacking)

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft Signed at the Hague, on 16 December 1970 (The Hague Convention 1970)

3. 1971 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safetyof Civil Aviation (Montreal Convention)

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety ofCivil Aviation

4. Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports ServingInternational Civil Aviation (1971)

Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation Done at Montreal on 23 September 1971

B. Prosecutions of International Terrorists in the United States

United States v. Yunis

United States v. Yousef

United States v. Rezaq

C. Federal Crimes Aboard Aircraft in the United States

1. Substantive Criminal Laws

2. Criminal Prosecutions

Title 49—Transportation Sec. 46501. Definitions

Sec. 46506. Application of Certain Criminal Laws to Acts on Aircraft

United States v. Georgescu

United States v. Healy

United States v. Compton

Title 49—Transportation Sec. 46504. Interference with Flight Crew Members and Attendants

United States v. Hicks

Sec. 46505. Carrying a Weapon or Explosive on an Aircraft

United States v. Garrett

Title 49—Transportation Sec. 46507. False Information and Threats

United States v. Omirly

D. Civil Liability in Tort for Criminal Offenses onboard Aircraft

Chumney v. Nixon

Stanford v. Kuwait Airways Corporation

E. Air Rage

CHAPTER THREEE: CONOMIC REGULATION OF DOMESTIC AVIATION

A. Domestic Air Carrier Licensing

Skylink Airways, Inc.

DHL Airways, Inc. (ASTAR)

In the Matter of the Citizenship of DHL Airways, Inc.

ATX, Inc. v. U.S. Dept. of Transportation

B. Certificate Transfers

Joint Application of American Airlines, Inc. and Trans World Airlines, Inc.

C. Suspension and Revocation of Certificates

In the Matter of the Revocation of the Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity Issued to Kiwi International Holdings, Inc. D/B/A Kiwi International Air Lines, Inc.

D. Anti-Competitive Practices

E. Consumer Protection and DOT Enforcement Concerning Unfair or Deceptive Practices

F. Slots And Their Allocation

G. Service to Small Communities

1. Essential Air Service Program

Essential Air Service at Fort Dodge, Iowa, and Mason City, Iowa, under 49 U.S.C. 41731 et seq. Order 2011-6-7

2. Small Community Air Service Development Program

H. Financial Assistance to the Airline Industry after September 11, 2001

I. Preemption

CHAPTER FOUR ECONOMIC REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL AVIATION

A. The International Convention on Civil Aviation(Chicago Convention)

B. Evolution of U.S. Bilateral Air Transport Agreements

C. Multi-Lateral Agreements

D. Disputes under U.S. Bilaterals

1. Bilateral Resolution Mechanism

2. Fair Competitive Practices Act

3. Part 213

E. Grant of International Route Authority

1. U.S. Carrier Authority

2. Foreign Carrier Authority

Application of Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij D/B/A Klm RoyalDutch Airlines for an Amended Foreign Air Carrier Permit Under Section 402of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958

3. Presidential Review

Chicago & Southern Air Lines, Inc. v. Waterman Steamship Corp.

4. Revocation of International Route Authority

In the Matter of Aerolineas El Salvador, S.A. Foreign Air Carrier PermitUnder Section 402 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958

F. International Code-Sharing and Airline Alliances

Joint Application of American Airlines, Inc., and Delta Air Transport, NV

G. Slots for International Operations

H. Enforcement Action against Foreign Air Carriers

CHAPTER FIVE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT OF PASSENGERS

A. The 1999 Montreal Convention

B. History of the Warsaw Convention (1929–1999)

1. The 1929 Warsaw Convention

2. International Effforts to Amend the Warsaw Convention

C. Montreal Convention 1999

1. Changes from the Warsaw System

2. Direct Application of the Montreal Convention

3. Exclusivity of Treaty Remedy: Preemption of State Law

El-Al Israel Airlines Ltd. v. Tseng

Paradis v. Ghana Airways, Ltd.

Paradis v. Ghana Airways, Ltd.

4. Scope of the Convention

Jones v. USA 3000 Airlines

5. The Contract of Carriage

Baah v. Virgin Atlantic Airways

6. Substantive Law of the Convention

a. Accident

Warsaw (1929)Article 17

Montreal (1999)Article 17—Death and Injury of Passengers—Damage to Baggage

Air France v. Saks

Salerno v. Pan American World Airways, Inc.

Wallace v. Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd.

Olympic Airways v. Husain

Blansett v. Continental Airlines, Inc.

b. Bodily Injury—Mental Distress

Ehrlich v. American Airlines, Inc.

c. Location of Accident

Magan v. Lufthansa German Airlines

Day v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.

Martinez Hernandez v. Air France

Rabinowitz v. Scandinavian Airlines

D. Jurisdiction and Venue

Warsaw Convention (1929) Article 28

1. Plaintifffs

Berner v. United Airlines, Inc.

Montreal Convention (1999) Article 33— Jurisdiction

2. Corporate Domicile

Wyler v. Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd.

3. Place of Business

Gutierrez v. Avianca

E. Monetary Damages

Montreal Convention (1999) Article 21—Compensation in Case of Death or Injury of Passengers

Montreal Convention (1999) Article 23—Conversion of Monetary Units

Montreal Protocol (1975) Article 25

Hague Protocol (1955) Article 25A

Montreal Protocol (1975) Article 25A

Piamba Cortes v. American Airlines, Inc.

Montreal Convention (1999) Article 20—Exoneration

F. Interest

Domangue v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc.

G. Non-Treaty Limits on Damages (The Death on the High Seas Act)

Title 46, Chapter 303—Death on High Seas Sec. 30302. Cause of Action

Sec. 30303. Amount and Apportionment of Recovery

Sec. 30307. Commercial Aviation Accidents

1. Survivors’ Damages

Zicherman v. Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd.

2. Decedents’ Pain and Sufffering

Dooley v. Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd.

CHAPTER SIX DOMESTIC FLIGHTS

A. Applicable Law

1. Federal Preemption of Substantive Law

2. Rules of the Road for Air Navigation and Safety

Abdullah v. American Airlines, Inc.

Bennett v. Southwest Airlines Co.

3. Federal Preemption of Carrier Business Operations

Title 49—Transportation Sec. 41713. Preemption of Authority over Prices, Routes, and Service

American Airlines, Inc. v. Wolens

Air Transport Association of America, Inc. v. Cuomo

4. Personal Injuries

Charas v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.

5. Alcohol Problems

US Airways, Inc. v. O’Donnell

6. Federal Common Law

a. Contribution and Indemnity

Kohr v. Allegheny Airlines, Inc.

b. Punitive Damages

7. State Common Law

a. Res Ipsa Loquitur

Abbott v. Page Airways, Inc.

b. Collateral Estoppel

Colditz v. Eastern Airlines, Inc.

c. Duty of Care

Andrews v. United Airlines,Inc.

B. Conflict of Laws

1. Lex Locus Delictus

Pearson v. Northeast Airlines, Inc.

2. Maximum Signifijicant Contacts and Center of Gravity

Long v. Pan American Airways, Inc.

3. Governmental Interest

Tramontana v. S. A. Empresa De Viacao Aerea Rio Grandense

4. Dépeçage

Manos v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.

CHAPTER SEVEN AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURERS’ PRODUCT LIABILITY

A. Personal Injury and Death Claims

1. Negligence and Breach of Warranty

Hurley v. Beech Aircraft Corporation

2. Strict Liability

Sec. 402 A Special Liability of Seller of Product for Physical Harmto User or Consumer

Wilson v. Piper Aircraft Corporation

Restatement of the Law Third, Torts:Products Liability (1998)

Chapter One

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

3. Federal Preemption of State Law

Midwest Express Holdings, Inc. v. Braun

4. Government Contractor Defense

Boyle v. United Technologies Corporation

B. Commercial Warranties

Delta Air Lines, Inc. v. McDonnell Douglas Corporation

C. Statute of Repose

Section 1. Short Title

Sec. 2. Time Limitations on Civil Actions Against Aircraft Manufacturers.

Sec. 3. Other Definitions

Sec. 4. Effective Date; Application of Act

Southside Trust and Savings Bank of Peoria v. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.

CHAPTER EIGHT AIR CARRIER LIABILITY FOR CARGO DAMAGE AND GROUND DAMAGE

PART ONE CARGO DAMAGE

A. International Carriage

1. Introduction

2. History of the 1929 Warsaw Convention

B. The Cause of Action for Cargo Damage

1. Presumption of Liability for an “Event”

2. Proper Parties

Commercial Union Insurance Co. v. Alitalia Airlines, S.p.A.

C. Legal Issues

1. Use of Other Modes of Transportation

2. Damage Outside the Aircraft

Victoria Sales Corporation v. Emery Air Freight, Inc.

3. Documentation

Montreal Convention (1999) Article 4—Cargo

Article 5—Contents of Air Waybill or Cargo Receipt

Article 6—Document Relating to the Nature of the Cargo

Article 7—Description of Air Waybill

Article 8—Documentation for Multiple Packages

Article 9—Non-Compliance with Documentary Requirements

Article 10—Responsibility for Particulars of Documentation

Article 11—Evidentiary Value of Documentation

RESOLUTION 600bAIR WAYBILL – CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT

4. Documentation of Shipments

5. Requirement of Documentation

Fujitsu Limited v. Federal Express Corporation

6. Limitation of Liability

Montreal Convention (1999) Article 22—Limits of Liability in Relation to Delay, Baggage and Cargo

7. General Damages

Eli Lilly Co. v. Air Express International USA, Inc.

8. Notice to the Carrier

Montreal Convention (1999) Article 31—Timely Notice of Complaints

Warsaw Convention (1929) Article 26

Highlands Insurance Co. v. Trinidad and Tobago (BWIA International) Airways Corporation

Dalton v. Delta Airlines, Inc.

9. Disposition of the Cargo

Montreal Convention (1999) Article 12—Right of Disposition of Cargo

Article 13—Delivery of the Cargo

Article 14—Enforcement of the Rights of Consignor and Consignee

10. Arbitration

D. International Baggage

Montreal Convention (1999) Article 17—Death and Injury of Passengers—Damage to Baggage

Hutchinson v. British Airways PLC

E. Domestic and Non-International Transport of Cargo and Baggage

1. Domestic Carriage of Goods by Air

Title 49 Sec. 41707. Incorporating Contract Terms into Written Instrument

a. Federal Common Law

King Jewelry, Inc. v. Federal Express Corporation

b. Tarifff Provisions

Ing v. American Airlines

c. Material Deviation Doctrine

d. Domestic Baggage

PART TWO GROUND DAMAGE BY AIRCRAFT

A. State Law

1. Common Law

2. Uniform Law and Restatements

§502 A—Ground Damage from Aircraft

3. Cases

a. Trespass

Wood v. United Air Lines, Inc.

b. Negligence

In Re Air Crash Disaster at Cove Neck, Long Island, New York on January 25, 1990

B. International Law

1. International Convention on Surface Damage by Foreign Aircraft

2. Ground Damage by Objects From Outer Space

CHAPTER NINE LESSORS, SUCCESSORS, ACTUAL CARRIERS AND CODE-SHARERS

A. Lessors

49 U.S. Code § 1404. Limitation of security owners’ liability

Retzler v. Pratt & Whitney Co.

Mangini v. Cessna Aircraft Co.

B. Successors and Actual Carriers

1. Successive Carriage

Warsaw Article 1(3)

Montreal Article 36

Best v. BWIA West Indies Airways, Ltd.

2. Actual Carriers

Chapter V Carriage by Air Performed by a Person Other than the Contracting Carrier Article 39 Contracting Carrier - Actual Carrier

Article 40 Respective Liability of Contracting and Actual Carriers

Article 41 - Mutual Liability

Article 42Addressee of Complaints and Instructions

Article 43 - Servants and Agents

Article 44 - Aggregation of Damages

Article 45 - Addressee of Claims

Article 46 - Additional Jurisdiction

Article 47 - Invalidity of Contractual Provisions

Article 48 - Mutual Relations of Contracting and Actual Carriers

In Re West Caribbean Airways, S.A.

C. Codeshare

CHAPTER TEN LITIGATION MANAGEMENT

A. Introduction

B. Fora Available in the United States

1. The Federal Multiparty, Multiforum Trial Jurisdiction Act (MMTJA)

Title 28 Sec. 1369. Multiparty, Multiforum Jurisdiction

2. Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 (Pub. L. 109–2)

3. Multidistrict Litigation: Transfer for Discovery

Title 28—Judiciary and Judicial ProcedureSec. 1407. Multidistrict Litigation

4. Removal

Title 28§ 1441. Removal of Civil Actions

§ 1442. Federal Officers or Agencies Sued or Prosecuted

§ 1446. Procedure for Removal of Civil Actions

§ 1447. Procedure after Removal Generally

Laugelle v. Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc,

5. Forum Non Conveniens

In re Air Crash near Peixoto De Azeveda on September 29, 2006

C. EVIDENCE

1. Offfijicial Investigations and Reports

2. The “Daubert” Rule on Expert Witnesses

Vadala v. Teledyne Industries, Inc.

CHAPTER ELEVEN: AVIATION SECURITY AND AIRLINE TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS

A. Air Transport Security for Passengers and Baggage

B. ICAO Annex 17

C. Airport Screening and Searches

United States v. Davis

United States v. Herzbrun

United States v. Pulido-Baquerizo

United States v. Hartwell

United States v. Aukai

Ibrahim v. Department of Homeland Security

D. CARGO SECURITY

E. DISCRIMINATION

Austin v. Delta Air Lines, Inc.

Nader v. Allegheny Airlines

Further Reading

CHAPTER TWELVE: AIRPORT LAW

A. Airport Operation

Title 49Sec. 40117. Passenger Facility Fees

Sec. 44706. Airport Operating Certificates

BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF DADE COUNTY v.AEROLINEAS PERUANASA

Northwest Airlines v. Country of Kent

Air Canada, et al. v. Department of Transportation

Griggs v. County of Allegheny

City of Burbank v. Lockheed Air Terminal

B. Private Activities at Public Airports

International Society for Krishna Consciousness v. Lee

Further Reading

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: THE U.S. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

A. Air Space Control

Federal Aviation Act, 49 U.S.C. § 40102. Definitions

49 U.S.C. § 40103.

49 U.S.C. § 40105.

49 U.S.C. § 44701.

B. Aircraft Registration

Air One Helicopters, Inc. v. FAA

C. Airmen Certification and Revocation

49 U.S.C. § 44702.

49 U.S.C. § 44703.

Thomas v. Hinson

Hinson v. NTSB and Rolund

United States v. Emerson,

D. Aircraft Safety Certification

49 U.S.C. § 44704.

E. Air Carrier Operating Certification and Revocation

Title 49Sec. 44705. Air Carrier Operating Certificates

The Changing Face of Passenger Air Transportation:The Blurry Line Between Part 121 and 135 Operators

FAA EnforcementEmergency Cease and Desist Order to Platinum Jet Management,

Kiwi International Air Lines, Emergency Order of Revocation

F. Foreign Air Carriers in U.S. Air Space

Safety Oversight: Federal Aviation Administration, International Civil Aviation Organization, and Central American Aviation Safety Agency

G. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

Issues Relating to Civilian and Military Dual Uses of GNSS95

The Reorganized National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and TimingCommittee (PNT)

Further Reading

CHAPTER FOURTEENNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD (NTSB)

A. Safety Investigation

NTSB Statute (49 U.S. Code) Sec. 1101. Definitions

Sec. 1111. General Organization

Sec. 1112. Special Boards of Inquiry on Air Transportation Safety

Sec. 1113. Administrative

Sec. 1114. Disclosure, Availability, and Use of Information

Sec. 1132. Civil Aircraft Accident Investigations

Sec. 1154. Discovery and Use of Cockpit and Surface VehicleRecordings and Transcripts

49 CFR § 835.3 Scope of Permissible Testimony

49 CFR § 835.4 Use of Reports

49 CFR § 835.5 Manner in Which Testimony Is Given in Civil Litigation.

49 CFR § 835.6 Request for Testimony in Civil Litigation

49 CFR § 835.7 Testimony of Former Board Employees

49 CFR § 835.8 Testimony by Current Board Employees RegardingPrior Activity

B. Miscellaneous Functions

Sec. 1133. Review of Other Agency Action

Sec. 1136. Assistance to Families of Passengers Involved in Aircraft Accidents

Sec. 41113. Plans to Address Needs of Families of Passengers Involvedin Aircraft Accidents

Hinson v. National Transportation Safety Board57 F.3d 1144 (D.C. Cir. 1995)

Further Reading

CHAPTER FIFTEEN: GOVERNMENTAL IMMUNITY FROM LIABILITY FOR TORTS

A. State Law on Sovereign Immunity

Knoxville v. Bailey

B. Federal Law on Sovereign Immunity

1. Requirements Precedent to Suits

28 USC § 2674.

28 § USC 2675.

28 § USC 2679.

28 USC § 2680.

2. Exceptions to Waiver of Immunity

Eastern Air Lines, Inc. v. Union Trust Co.

Ingham v. Eastern Airlines and the United States

Hartz v. United States

West v. Federal Aviation Administration

3. The FTCA and FAA Aircraft Certifijication

United States v. Varig Airlines

Berkovitz v. United States

4. Suits by Military Personnel

Feres v. United States

Jeanette McMahon v. PRESIDENTIAL AIRWAYS, INC.

5. Federal Employees Compensation Act

Lockheed v. United States

6. FTCA Suits for Claims Arising in Foreign Countries

Smith v. United States

7. Suits in Admiralty and Suits under the FTCA are Mutually Exclusive

Miller v. United States

C. Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act

HARTFORD INSURANCE COMPANY v. LIBYA

Kramer v. The Boeing Company

Nazarian v. Compagnie Nationale Air France

Gould v. Aerospatiale Helicopter Corp.

D. Government Contractor Defense

CHAPTER SIXTEEN

AIRCRAFT OWNERSHIP, REGISTRATION, FINANCING, AND BANKRUPTCY

A. U.S. Law on Registration and Recordation of Aircraft Assets

49 U.S.C. § 44101.

49 USC § 44102.

49 U.S.C. § 44103.

49 U.S.C. § 44106.

49 U.S.C. § 44107.

49 U.S.C. § 46110.

Philko Aviation v. Shacket

B. Geneva Convention on International Recognition of Rightsin Aircraft, 310 UNTS 5152 (1948)

C. Aviation Protocol to the 2001 Cape Town Convention onInternational Interests in Mobile Equipment (www.unidroit.org)

Future Protocol on Security Interests in Space Assets67 J. AIR L. & COM. 1071

CAPE TOWN CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTSIN MOBILE EQUIPMENT

Chapter I – Sphere of Application and General Provisions

Article 1 — Definitions

Article 2 — The International Interest

Article 3 — Sphere of Application

Article 4 — Where Debtor is Situated

Article 5 — Interpretation and Applicable Law

Article 6 — Relationship between the Convention and the Protocol

Chapter II – Constitution of an International Interest

Article 7 — Formal Requirements

Chapter III – Default Remedies

Article 8 — Remedies of Chargee

Article 9 — Vesting of Object in Satisfaction; Redemption

Article 10 — Remedies of Conditional Seller or Lessor

Article 11 — Meaning of Default

Article 12 — Additional Remedies

Article 13 — Relief Pending Final Determination

Article 14 — Procedural Requirements

Article 15 — Derogation

Chapter IV – The International Registration System

Article 16 — The International Registry

Article 17 — The Supervisory Authority and the Registrar

Chapter V – Other Matters Relating to Registration

Article 18 — Registration Requirements

Article 19 — Validity and Time of Registration

Article 20 — Consent to Registration

Article 21 — Duration of Registration

Article 22 — Searches

Article 23 — List of Declarations and Declared Non-ConsensualRights or Interests

Article 24 — Evidentiary Value of Certificates

Article 25 — Discharge of Registration

Article 26 — Access to the International Registration Facilities

Chapter IX – Assignments of Associated Rights and International Interests;Rights of Subrogation

Article 31 — Effects of Assignment

Article 32 — Formal Requirements of Assignment

Article 33 — Debtor’s Duty to Assignee

Article 34 — Default Remedies in Respect of Assignment by Way of Security

Article 35 — Priority of Competing Assignments

Article 36 — Assignee’s Priority with Respect to Associated Rights

Article 37 — Effects of Assignor’s Insolvency

Article 38 — Subrogation

Aviation Protocol to the Cape Town Convention

Chapter I – Sphere of Application and General Provisions

Article I — Defined terms

Article II — Application of Convention as Regards Aircraft Objects

Article III — Application of Convention to Sales

Article IV — Sphere of Application

Article V — Formalities, Effects and Registration of Contracts of Sale

Article VI — Representative Capacities

Article VII — Description of Aircraft Objects

Article VIII — Choice of Law

Chapter II – Default remedies, Priorities and Assignments

Article IX — Modification of Default Remedies Provisions

Article X — Modification of Provisions Regarding Relief PendingFinal Determination

Article XI — Remedies on Insolvency

Article XII — Insolvency Assistance

Article XIII — De-registration and Export Request Authorisation

Article XIV — Modification of Priority Provisions

Article XV — Modification of Assignment Provisions

Article XVI — Debtor Provisions

Chapter III – Registry Provisions Relating to International Interestsin Aircraft Objects

Article XVII — The Supervisory Authority and the Registrar

Article XVIII — First Regulations

Article XIX — Designated Entry Points

Article XX — Additional Modifications to Registry Provisions

Chapter IV – Jurisdiction

Article XXI — Modification of Jurisdiction Provisions

Article XXII — Waivers of Sovereign Immunity

Chapter V – Relationship with Other Conventions

Article XXIII — Relationship with the Convention on the InternationalRecognition of Rights in Aircraft

Article XXIV — Relationship with the Convention for the Unifi cation of CertainRules Relating to the Precautionary Attachment of Aircraft

Article XXV — Relationship with the Unidroit Convention on InternationalFinancial Leasing

D. Bankruptcy

11 U.S.C. § 1110.

11 U.S.C. § 365.

Further Reading

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: AVIATION INSURANCE

A. Air Carrier’s Minimum Insurance Coverage

Title 49Sec. 41112. Liability Insurance and Financial Responsibility

B. Aircraft Hull Insurance and War Insurance

Pan American World Airways v. Aetna

Further Reading

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: AIRLINE LABOR RELATIONS AND THE AIRLINE PENSIONSAND BENEFIT GUARANTY CORP. (PBGC)

A. Background: The Railway Labor Act

The 1926 Railway Labor Act and the Modern American Airline Industry:Changes and “Chaos” Outline the Need for Revised Legislation69 J. Air L. & Com. 615

B. Application of the Railway Labor Act

International Association of Machinists v. Central Airlines, Inc.

C. Scope of Federal Preemption under the Railway Labor Act

Hawaiian Airlines, Inc. v. Norris

D. Conflicts between the Railroad Labor Act and Other Federal Laws

Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corporation

E. Airline Employee Pensions and the Pension Benefit GuarantyCorporation (PBGC)

Further Reading

CHAPTER NINETEEN: ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF AVIATION: NOISE AND EMISSIONS

A. International Regulation of Aircraft No

B. U.S. Aviation Noise Regulation

49 U.S.C. § 47521. Findings

49 U.S.C. § 47522. Definitions

49 U.S.C. § 47523. National Aviation Noise Policy

49 U.S.C. § 47524. Airport Noise and Access Restriction Review Program

49 U.S.C. § 47525. Decision About Airport Noise andAccess Restrictions on Certain Stage 2 Aircraft

49 U.S.C. § 47526. Limitations for Noncomplying Airport Noise andAccess Restrictions

Griggs v. County of Allegheny, 369 U.S. 84 (1962), supra Chapter 12

City of Burbank v. Lockheed Air Terminal, 411 U.S. 624 (1972),supra Chapter 12

City of Naples Airport Authority v. Federal AviationAdmin. 409 F.3d 431 (D.C. Cir. 2005)

49 U.S.C. § 47527.

49 U.S.C. § 47528.

49 U.S.C. § 47529.

49 U.S.C. § 47530.

49 U.S.C. § 47531.

49 U.S.C. § 47532.

C. International Aircraft Emissions

2008 ICAO ENVIRONMENT (ENV) SECTION REPORT AIRCRAFTENGINE EMISSIONS

2009 HIGH-LEVEL ICAO MEETING ON INTERNATIONAL AVIATIONAND CLIMATE CHANGE–SUMMARY OF DISCUSSIONS

E.U. Commission Sets First Emissions Cap for Aviation Sector EurActiv

D. U.S. Aircraft Emissions Regulation by the EnvironmentalProtection Administration (EPA)

42 USC § 7571.

National Association of Clean Air Agencies v. EPA

References

APPENDIX 1 [English text — Texte anglais]1999 MONTREAL CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULESFOR INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE BY AIR

Chapter 1. General Provisions

Article 1. Scope of Application

Article 2. Carriage Performed by State and Carriage of Postal Items

Chapter II. Documentation and Duties of the Parties Relatingto the Carriage of Passengers, Baggage, and Cargo

Article 3. Passengers and Baggage

Article 4. Cargo

Article 5. Contents of Air Waybill or Cargo Receipt

Article 6. Document Relating to the Nature of the Cargo

Article 7. Description of Air Waybill

Article 8. Documentation for Multiple Packages

Article 9. Non-compliance with Documentary Requirements

Article 10. Responsibility for Particulars of Documentation

Article 11. Evidentiary Value of Documentation

Article 12. Right of Disposition of Cargo

Article 13. Delivery of the Cargo

Article 14. Enforcement of the Rights of Consignor and Consignee

Article 15. Relations of Consignor and Consignee or Mutual Relationsof Third Parties

Article 16. Formalities of Customs, Police or Other Public Authorities

Chapter III. Liability of the Carrier and Extent of Compensationfor Damage

Article 17. Death and Injury of Passengers - Damage to Baggage

Article 18. Damage to Cargo

Article 19. Delay

Article 20. Exoneration

Article 21. Compensation in Case of Death or Injury of Passengers

Article 22. Limits of Liability in Relation to Delay, Baggage and Cargo

Article 23. Conversion of Monetary Units

Article 24. Review of Limits

Article 25. Stipulation on Limits

Article 26. Invalidity of Contractual Provisions

Article 27. Freedom to Contract

Article 28. Advance Payments

Article 29. Basis of Claims

Article 30. Servants, Agents - Aggregation of Claims

Article 31. Timely Notice of Complaints

Article 32. Death of Person Liable

Article 33. Jurisdiction

Article 34. Arbitration

Article 35. Limitation of Actions

Article 36. Successive Carriage

Article 37. Right of Recourse against Third Parties

Chapter IV. Combined Carriage

Article 38. Combined Carriage

Chapter V. Carriage by Air Performed by a Person Other Than theContracting Carrier

Article 39. Contracting Carrier - Actual Carrier

Article 40. Respective Liability of Contracting and Actual Carriers

Article 41. Mutual Liability

Article 42. Addressee of Complaints and Instructions

Article 43. Servants and Agents

Article 44. Aggregation of Damages

Article 45. Addressee of Claims

Article 46. Additional Jurisdiction

Article 47. Invalidity of Contractual Provisions

Article 48. Mutual Relations of Contracting and Actual Carriers

Chapter VI. Other Provisions

Article 49. Mandatory Application

Article 50. Insurance

Article 51. Carriage Performed in Extraordinary Circumstances

Article 52. Defijinition of Days

Chapter VII. Final Clauses

Article 53. Signature, Ratifijication and Entry into Force

Article 54. Denunciation

Article 55. Relationship with Other Warsaw Convention Instruments

Article 56. States with more than one System of Law

Article 57. Reservations

APPENDIX 2SUGGESTED BOOKS ON AVIATION LAW AND OTHER AVIATIONTHEMES FOR FURTHER READING

1. Legal Treatises

2. Biographies

3. Aviation Industry and Operations

APPENDIX 3

NEWSPAPERS AND OTHER JOURNALS

APPENDIX 4

MOTION PICTURES WITH AVIATION THEMES

LIST OF PRINCIPAL CASES

INDEX