List of Illustrations

pp.：  11 – 12

Preface

pp.：  13 – 18

Acknowledgements

pp.：  19 – 20

Introduction

pp.：  21 – 28

PART I COPERNICUS'S EDUCATION IN POLAND

pp.：  29 – 196

Chapter One Poland, Torun, and Cracow in the Fifteenth Century

pp.：  33 – 62

1. Early Education

pp.：  33 – 40

2. Cracow University

pp.：  41 – 52

3. Curriculum and Texts, 1475–1500

pp.：  53 – 62

Chapter Two Masters and Students in the 1490s

pp.：  63 – 78

Chapter Three The Teaching of Logic

pp.：  79 – 116

1. Aristotelian Logic—Introductory Orientation

pp.：  80 – 99

2. The Teaching of Logic at Cracow

pp.：  100 – 116

Chapter Four Natural Philosophy

pp.：  117 – 164

1. General Orientation

pp.：  117 – 124

2. Markowski's Most Important and Relevant Conclusions

pp.：  125 – 126

3. The Quaestiones cracovienses on the Physics of Aristotle

pp.：  127 – 141

4. Aristotle's De caelo, De generatione, Meteorologica, and Metaphysics

pp.：  142 – 149

5. Johannes Versoris

pp.：  150 – 155

6. Albert of Saxony and John of Glogovia

pp.：  156 – 164

Chapter Five Humanism and Astronomy

pp.：  165 – 196

1. Introduction

pp.：  165 – 172

2. The Curriculum at Cracow

pp.：  173 – 181

3. The Criticisms of Ptolemaic Astronomy

pp.：  182 – 186

4. Copernicus's Teachers at Cracow

pp.：  187 – 189

5. Albert of Brudzewo's Commentariolum

pp.：  190 – 196

PART II COPERNICUS'S EDUCATION IN ITALY, 1496–1503, AND RETURN TO POLAND

pp.：  197 – 300

Chapter Six Copernicus in Italy

pp.：  199 – 234

1. Introduction

pp.：  199 – 200

2. Copernicus's Education in Canon and Civil Law

pp.：  201 – 214

3. Copernicus and Novara

pp.：  215 – 220

4. Copernicus's Study of Greek

pp.：  221 – 224

5. Copernicus in Rome

pp.：  225 – 225

6. Copernicus's Study of Medicine at Padua

pp.：  226 – 230

7. Copernicus's Degree from Ferrara

pp.：  231 – 234

Chapter Seven Copernicus's Reading and Progress towards his First Heliocentric Theory

pp.：  235 – 300

1. Introduction

pp.：  235 – 242

2. Regiomontanus's Epitome

pp.：  243 – 247

3. Bessarion's In calumniatorem Platonis

pp.：  248 – 252

4. Ficino's Translation of Plato's Works

pp.：  253 – 256

5. Plutarch, Pseudo-Plutarch (Aëtius) and Giorgio Valla

pp.：  257 – 264

6. Pliny's Natural History and other Ancient Authorities

pp.：  265 – 265

7. Achillini

pp.：  266 – 270

8. Commentariolus

pp.：  271 – 300

PART III COPERNICUS AS PHILOSOPHER

pp.：  301 – 466

Chapter Eight Copernicus as Logician

pp.：  303 – 352

1. Introduction

pp.：  303 – 306

2. The Sources of Dialectical Topics, 1490–1550

pp.：  307 – 312

3. Mereology—Logic and Ontology

pp.：  313 – 318

4. Logic in the Commentariolus

pp.：  319 – 319

5. The Use of Topics in the Preface of De revolutionibus

pp.：  320 – 327

6. The Rhetorical Framework of Book I

pp.：  328 – 331

7. The Use of Topics in Book I

pp.：  332 – 341

8. Hypotheses in Copernicus's Method

pp.：  342 – 344

9. The Logical Issues in the Relation between Mathematics and Natural Philosophy

pp.：  345 – 348

10. The Logical Issues in his Discovery of the Heliocentric Theory

pp.：  349 – 350

11. Concluding Remarks on Copernicus's Relation to the Aristotelian Logical Tradition

pp.：  351 – 352

Chapter Nine Copernicus as Natural Philosopher

pp.：  353 – 388

1. Introduction

pp.：  353 – 353

2. Copernicus's Critique of Geocentrism

pp.：  354 – 359

3. The Motions of Celestial Bodies

pp.：  360 – 363

4. Impetus and the Motions of Elemental Bodies

pp.：  364 – 382

5. Infinity and the Finiteness of the Cosmos

pp.：  383 – 385

6. Summary

pp.：  386 – 388

Chapter Ten Copernicus as Mathematical Cosmologist

pp.：  389 – 414

1. Introduction

pp.：  389 – 389

2. Hypotheses

pp.：  390 – 397

3. Spheres and the Nature of Celestial Matter

pp.：  398 – 408

4. Equants

pp.：  409 – 411

5. Summary

pp.：  412 – 414

Conclusion and Epilogue

pp.：  415 – 466

1. Summary

pp.：  415 – 416

2. Copernicus's Interpretation of Aristotle

pp.：  417 – 430

3. Epilog: Reception of Copernicus's Interpretation

pp.：  431 – 466

Appendices

pp.：  467 – 522

Bibliography

pp.：  523 – 552

Indices

pp.：  553 – 576

Index of Names

pp.：  553 – 563

Index of Places

pp.：  564 – 565

Index of Subjects

pp.：  566 – 576