Contents

pp.：  7 – 11

Preface by Job Kuijt

pp.：  12 – 12

Author's preface

pp.：  13 – 14

Chapter 1. Introduction

pp.：  15 – 38

What is a parasitic plant?

pp.：  15 – 15

Parasite 'look alikes'

pp.：  16 – 19

Box 1. Myco-heterotrophic plants

pp.：  18 – 19

Types of parasites and some definitions

pp.：  20 – 21

Box 2. Different structures called a haustorium

pp.：  22 – 21

The haustorium

pp.：  22 – 30

Box 3. Vascular tissue in higher plants

pp.：  23 – 30

A parasitic gymnosperm

pp.：  31 – 33

How many plants are parasitic?

pp.：  34 – 36

History of research in parasites

pp.：  37 – 38

Chapter 2. Hemiparasitic Santalales

pp.：  39 – 158

Olacaceae

pp.：  39 – 42

Schoepfiaceae

pp.：  43 – 45

Box 4. Life cycle and embryology of flowering plants

pp.：  44 – 45

Opiliaceae

pp.：  46 – 46

Loranthaceae

pp.：  47 – 103

Vegetative morphology

pp.：  49 – 50

Haustorium anatomy

pp.：  51 – 55

Floral structure and pollination

pp.：  56 – 57

Bird pollination

pp.：  58 – 62

Embryology

pp.：  63 – 63

Dispersal biology

pp.：  64 – 67

The root parasites

pp.：  68 – 71

Loranthaceae in the New World

pp.：  72 – 79

Loranthaceae in Africa

pp.：  80 – 87

Loranthaceae in Eurasia

pp.：  88 – 91

Loranthaceae in Australia

pp.：  92 – 94

Loranthaceae in selected isolated islands

pp.：  95 – 103

Box 5. Endemism

pp.：  96 – 103

Misodendraceae

pp.：  104 – 107

Eremolepidaceae

pp.：  108 – 108

Santalaceae

pp.：  109 – 126

Vegetative morphology

pp.：  111 – 112

Floral biology

pp.：  113 – 113

Herbaceous genera

pp.：  114 – 115

Woody genera

pp.：  116 – 126

Viscaceae

pp.：  127 – 156

Dendrophthora

pp.：  131 – 130

Phoradendron

pp.：  131 – 136

Korthalsella

pp.：  137 – 140

Notothixos

pp.：  141 – 140

Viscum

pp.：  141 – 149

Arceuthobium

pp.：  150 – 156

Summary

pp.：  157 – 158

Chapter 3. Hemiparasitic families other than Santalales

pp.：  159 – 202

Krameriaceae

pp.：  159 – 161

Cassytha (Lauraceae)

pp.：  162 – 166

Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae)

pp.：  167 – 174

Hemiparasitic Orobanchaceae

pp.：  175 – 202

Habit and haustoria

pp.：  176 – 180

Flower biology

pp.：  181 – 182

Widely distributed genera

pp.：  183 – 187

Northern temperate zone

pp.：  188 – 196

Old World warm climates

pp.：  197 – 202

Chapter 4. Holoparasitic families

pp.：  203 – 276

Holoparasitic Orobanchaceae

pp.：  203 – 220

Genera transferred from Scrophulariaceae

pp.：  205 – 211

Orobanchaceae (sensu stricto)

pp.：  212 – 220

Cynomoriaceae

pp.：  221 – 223

Lennoaceae

pp.：  224 – 226

Mitrastemonaceae

pp.：  227 – 228

Apodanthaceae

pp.：  229 – 233

Cytinaceae

pp.：  234 – 236

Rafflesiaceae

pp.：  237 – 248

Rafflesia

pp.：  241 – 244

Sapria

pp.：  245 – 245

Rhizanthes

pp.：  246 – 248

Hydnoraceae

pp.：  249 – 253

Hydnora

pp.：  251 – 252

Prosopanche

pp.：  253 – 253

Balanophoraceae

pp.：  254 – 276

Vegetative morphology and anatomy

pp.：  254 – 256

Inflorescences and flowers

pp.：  257 – 258

The most widely distributed genera

pp.：  259 – 261

Amerian genera

pp.：  262 – 268

African genera

pp.：  269 – 272

Southeast Asian-Pacific genera

pp.：  273 – 276

Chapter 5. Establishment of the parasite

pp.：  277 – 320

Seed dispersal strategies

pp.：  277 – 280

Germination and host recognition

pp.：  281 – 282

Haustorial development

pp.：  283 – 298

Haustorial initiation

pp.：  284 – 284

Development of the holdfast

pp.：  285 – 289

Box 6. The plant cuticle

pp.：  287 – 289

Development of the endophyte

pp.：  290 – 297

Differentiation of the xylem bridge

pp.：  298 – 298

The mature haustorium

pp.：  299 – 308

Interrupted zone

pp.：  301 – 300

Graniferous tracheary elements

pp.：  301 – 302

The interface

pp.：  303 – 304

Phoradendron case story

pp.：  305 – 308

Physiology

pp.：  309 – 320

Water relations (Transpiration)

pp.：  309 – 310

Box 7. Absorption and transport of nutrient ions

pp.：  310 – 310

Nutrient absorption and translocation

pp.：  311 – 313

Translocation from parasite to host

pp.：  314 – 315

Box 8. Photosynthesis

pp.：  315 – 315

Photosynthesis

pp.：  316 – 318

Further physiological topics

pp.：  319 – 320

Chapter 6. Host ranges and various ecological aspects of parasitism

pp.：  321 – 370

Facultative and obligate parasites

pp.：  321 – 320

Host specificity

pp.：  321 – 344

Determining the host range

pp.：  322 – 325

Species delimitation and host range

pp.：  326 – 328

Host specificity in various taxa

pp.：  329 – 339

Epi- and self parasitism

pp.：  340 – 342

Mimicry

pp.：  343 – 344

Host reactions and defence

pp.：  345 – 349

Biochemical defence

pp.：  345 – 346

Hypertrophy and hormonal disorder

pp.：  347 – 348

Mechanical defence

pp.：  349 – 349

Relations to non-hostorganisms

pp.：  350 – 356

Flowers and fruits as food sources

pp.：  350 – 350

Herbiviry

pp.：  351 – 356

Diseases

pp.：  357 – 356

Vegetation ecology

pp.：  357 – 370

Arid vegetation - xerophytism

pp.：  359 – 361

Box 9 . Xerophytism

pp.：  360 – 361

Coastal vegetation - salt tolerance

pp.：  362 – 363

Temperate and tropical forests

pp.：  364 – 364

Arctic vegetation

pp.：  365 – 365

Cultivated and urban land

pp.：  366 – 366

Ecosystems - fires

pp.：  367 – 370

Chapter 7. Harmful parasites and control methods

pp.：  371 – 398

Parasitic plants in agriculture

pp.：  372 – 389

Cuscuta and Cassytha on crops

pp.：  374 – 374

Striga on crops

pp.：  375 – 378

Orobanche and Phelipanche on crops

pp.：  379 – 380

Other root parasites on crops

pp.：  381 – 382

Control methods

pp.：  383 – 389

Parasites in forestry and orchards

pp.：  390 – 398

Arceuthobium

pp.：  391 – 392

Other stem parasites

pp.：  393 – 395

Control methods

pp.：  396 – 398

Chapter 8. Ecology and evolution

pp.：  399 – 427

Evolution of parasitism in dicots

pp.：  400 – 416

Evolution of different modes of parasitism

pp.：  400 – 411

Convergent evolution

pp.：  412 – 414

Co-evolution and bird pollination

pp.：  415 – 416

Phylogeny

pp.：  417 – 419

Transfer of genetic information

pp.：  418 – 418

The phylogenetic tree

pp.：  419 – 419

Nature conservation

pp.：  420 – 427

Glossary

pp.：  428 – 430

Selected literature

pp.：  431 – 434

List of photographers

pp.：  435 – 438

Index

pp.：  439 – 453