Description
Forensic Fraud is the culmination of 12 years of research by author Brent E. Turvey. A practicing forensic scientist since 1996, Turvey has rendered this first of its kind study into the widespread problem of forensic fraud in the United States. It defines the nature and scope of the problem, the cultural attitudes and beliefs of those involved, and establishes clear systemic contributors. Backed up by scrupulous research and hard data, community reforms are proposed and discussed in light of the recently published National Academy of Sciences report on forensic science.
An adaptation of Dr. Turvey’s doctoral dissertation, this volume relentlessly cites chapter and verse in support of its conclusions that law enforcement cultural and scientific values are incompatible, and that the problem of forensic fraud is systemic in nature. It begins with an overview of forensic fraud as a sub-type of occupational fraud, it explores the extent of fraud in both law enforcement and scientific employment settings, it establishes and then contrasts the core values of law enforcement and scientific cultures and then it provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature regarding forensic fraud. The final chapters present data from Dr. Turvey’s original research into more than 100 fraudulent examiners between 2000 and 2010, consideration of significant findings, and a review of proposed reforms to the forensic science community based on what was learned. It closes with a
Chapter
THESIS STATEMENTS AND THE PREVAILING WISDOM
Chapter 2 - Occupational Fraud
FRAUD AS A STATUTORY VIOLATION
DIFFERENTIATING FRAUD AND NEGLIGENCE
TRAITS OF OCCUPATIONAL FRAUD PERPETRATORS
Chapter 3 - Forensic Science: A Primer
CRIMINALISTICS: SOME RELEVANT BACKGROUND
“REAL” FORENSIC SCIENTISTS
THE ROLE OF FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS
CARDINAL TRAITS OF THE FORENSIC EXAMINER
Chapter 4 - Fraud in Law Enforcement Culture
LAW ENFORCEMENT DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS
LAW ENFORCEMENT DISCRETION AND INTEGRITY
CARDINAL TRAITS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT CULTURE
NOBLE CAUSE AND CORRUPTION
INTERNAL TOLERANCE FOR CRIMINALITY
FRAUD DIAMOND THEORY: ASSESSING COMMON FORMS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT FRAUD
Chapter 5 - Fraud and Scientific Culture
SCIENCE, SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
THE CARDINAL TRAITS OF SCIENTIFIC CULTURE
SCIENTIFIC FRAUD: TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
SCIENTIFIC FRAUD: FROM HIGH PROFILE TO MUNDANE
THE FREQUENCY OF SCIENTIFIC FRAUD
FRAUD DIAMOND THEORY AND SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT
Chapter 6 - Contrasting Scientific Integrity with Law Enforcement Culture
DISPENSING WITH “BAD APPLE” THEORY
RELEVANT CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY: ROUTINE ACTIVITIES THEORY, DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY, AND ROLE STRAIN
OVERT PRESSURE TO CONFORM
CONTRASTING SCIENTIFIC VALUES AND LAW ENFORCEMENT CULTURE
Chapter 7 - Forensic Fraud: Prior Research
BACKGROUND: PUBLIC EMPLOYEE RESTRICTIONS AND FEAR OF RETALIATION
IDEOGRAPHIC RESEARCH: LOOSELY REFERENCED CASE STUDIES
MONOGRAPHS: CASE STUDIES WITH A THEME
NOMOTHETIC RESEARCH: GROUP STUDIES
Chapter 8 - Forensic Fraud, 2000–2010: Data and Frequency
PARAMETERS FOR THE CURRENT DATA SET
VARIABLES AND FREQUENCY RESULTS
Chapter 9 - Multivariate Analysis of Forensic Fraud, 2000–2010
HIERARCHICAL MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
IMMEDIATE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RELATED RESEARCH
Chapter 10 - Conclusions and Recommendations
SIGNIFICANT AND RELEVANT FINDINGS: A SUMMARY
PRE-NAS REPORT REFORM IN THE LITERATURE
THE NAS REPORT: LACK OF SCIENCE AND ERROR OVER FRAUD
FORENSIC REFORM SUGGESTED BY THE CURRENT RESEARCH
Chapter 11 - Crime Labs in Crisis, 2011–2012: Update and Discussion
LAB CRISIS #1: AUSTIN POLICE DEPARTMENT CRIME LABORATORY (APDCL), TEXAS
LAB CRISIS #2: CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY SERVICES & PUBLIC PROTECTION (DESPP), DIVISION OF SCIENTIFIC SERVICES LABORAT...
LAB CRISIS #3: DETROIT POLICE DEPARTMENT FORENSIC SERVICES LABORATORY, MICHIGAN
LAB CRISIS #4: EL PASO POLICE DEPARTMENT CRIME LABORATORY (EPDCL), TEXAS
LAB CRISIS #5: DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY (DPS) CRIME LABORATORY, HOUSTON, TEXAS
LAB CRISIS #6: IDAHO STATE POLICE FORENSIC SERVICES LABORATORY, POCATELLO
LAB CRISIS #7: INDIANA STATE DEPARTMENT OF TOXICOLOGY
LAB CRISIS #8: PORTLAND METROPOLITAN POLICE CRIME LABORATORY, OREGON
LAB CRISIS #9: ST. PAUL POLICE DEPARTMENT CRIME LABORATORY, MINNESOTA
LAB CRISIS #10: STARK COUNTY CRIME LABORATORY, OHIO
LAB CRISIS #11: U.S. ARMY CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION LABORATORY (USACIL), FT. GILLEM, GEORGIA
LAB CRISIS #12: DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DRUG LAB, JAMAICA PLAIN, MA
Forensic Fraud
：Evaluating Law Enforcement and Forensic Science Cultures in the Context of Examiner Misconduct
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