Willful Ignorance :The Mismeasure of Uncertainty

Publication subTitle :The Mismeasure of Uncertainty

Author: Herbert I. Weisberg  

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc‎

Publication year: 2014

E-ISBN: 9781118594414

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780470890448

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9780470890448

Subject: N32 statistical methods

Language: ENG

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Description

An original account of willful ignorance and how this principle relates to modern probability and statistical methods

Through a series of colorful stories about great thinkers and the problems they chose to solve, the author traces the historical evolution of probability and explains how statistical methods have helped to propel scientific research. However, the past success of statistics has depended on vast, deliberate simplifications amounting to willful ignorance, and this very success now threatens future advances in medicine, the social sciences, and other fields. Limitations of existing methods result in frequent reversals of scientific findings and recommendations, to the consternation of both scientists and the lay public.

Willful Ignorance: The Mismeasure of Uncertainty exposes the fallacy of regarding probability as the full measure of our uncertainty. The book explains how statistical methodology, though enormously productive and influential over the past century, is approaching a crisis. The deep and troubling divide between qualitative and quantitative modes of research, and between research and practice, are reflections of this underlying problem. The author outlines a path toward the re-engineering of data analysis to help close these gaps and accelerate scientific discovery. 

Willful Ignorance: The Mismeasure of Uncertainty presents essential information and novel ideas that should be of interest to anyone concerned about the future of scientific research. The book is especially pertinent for professionals in statistics and related fields, including practicing and research clinicians, biomedical and social science researchers, business leaders, and policy-makers.

Chapter

WILLFUL IGNORANCE

TOWARD A NEW SCIENCE

CHAPTER 2 A QUIET REVOLUTION

THINKING THE UNTHINKABLE

INVENTING PROBABILITY

STATISTICS

THE TAMING OF CHANCE

THE IGNORANCE FALLACY

THE DILEMMA OF SCIENCE

CHAPTER 3 A MATTER OF CHANCE

ORIGINS

Probability

Risky Business

Games, Odds, and Gambling

THE FAMOUS CORRESPONDENCE

Breaking the Symmetry Barrier

The Interrupted Game

WHAT DID NOT HAPPEN NEXT

AGAINST THE ODDS

A Fateful Journey

Reasoning in Games of Chance

CHAPTER 4 HARDLY TOUCHED UPON

THE MATHEMATICS OF CHANCE

Juan Caramuel

Joseph Sauveur

Jacob Bernoulli

Thomas Strode

Two Scottish Refugees: John Arbuthnot and David Gregory

Isaac Newton

EMPIRICAL FREQUENCIES

John Graunt

William Petty

Three Dutch Masters: Huygens, Hudde, and De Witt

Jacob Bernoulli

Edmond Halley

A QUANTUM OF CERTAINTY

Why not Huygens or Leibniz?

What about Probabilism?

Bernoulli’s Meditations

Across the Channel

CHAPTER 5 A MATHEMATICIAN OF BASEL

PUBLICATION AT LAST

THE ART OF CONJECTURING

Part One: The Annotated Huygens

Part Two: Permutations and Combinations

Part Three: Games of Chance

Part Four: Civil, Moral, and Economic Matters

A TRAGIC ENDING

CHAPTER 6 A DEFECT OF CHARACTER

MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY

An Itinerant Teacher

Turning Point

Expanding His Empire

Defending His Empire

A Mixed Legacy

A FRACTION OF CHANCES

De Mensura Sortis

De Moivre’s Epiphany

CHAPTER 7 CLASSICAL PROBABILITY

REVOLUTIONARY REVERENDS

The Reverend Thomas Bayes

The Reverend Richard Price

The Famous Essay

Philosophical Significance

FROM CHANCES TO PROBABILITY

The French Newton

Laplace’s Philosophy of Probability

The Probability of Causes

Insufficient Reason

A Coincidence?

CHAPTER 8 BABEL

THE GREAT UNRAVELING

PROBABILITY AS A RELATIVE FREQUENCY

The Meaning of Randomness

The Reference Class Problem

The Problem of the Single Case

PROBABILITY AS A LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP

Keynesian Probability

PROBABILITY AS A SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT

Another Cambridge Prodigy

Subjectivity Italian Style

Subjectivity and Statistics

PROBABILITY AS A PROPENSITY

An Unorthodox Thinker

A World of Propensities

CHAPTER 9 PROBABILITY AND REALITY

THE RAZOR’S EDGE

WHAT FISHER KNEW

WHAT REFERENCE CLASS?

The Monty Hall Problem

A POSTULATE OF IGNORANCE

Conditional Probabilities

Predicting Unique Events

Inside Information

The Two Envelope Problem

LAPLACE’S ERROR

CHAPTER 10 THE DECISION FACTORY

BEYOND MORAL CERTAINTY

Something Brewing

A Tale of Two Students

Contriving Ignorance

Statistical Significance

DECISIONS, DECISIONS

An Odd Couple

From Knowledge to Decisions

Rage Against the Machine

The Bayesian Revival

MACHINE-MADE KNOWLEDGE

CHAPTER 11 THE LOTTERY IN SCIENCE

SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

Early Childhood Education

Aspirin for Prevention

FOOLED BY CAUSALITY

Heuristics and Biases

Are We Really So Dumb?

STATISTICS FOR HUMANS: BIAS OR AMBIGUITY?

The Representativeness Fallacy

The Conjunction Fallacy

The Allure of Causality

REGRESSION TOWARD THE MEAN

Explaining Regression Effects

Predictions for Individuals

The Regression of Science

CHAPTER 12 TRUST, BUT VERIFY

A NEW PROBLEM

TRUST,…

… BUT VERIFY

THE FUTURE

MINDFUL IGNORANCE

APPENDIX: THE PASCAL–FERMAT CORRESPONDENCE OF 1654

NOTES

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

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