Chapter
1: Introduction: Gender and Latin American History, or: Why Motherhood?
Two Tales of Women and Politics
Gender as a Category for Historical Analysis
Relationships, Influences, and Terms
What’s Feminism Got to Do With It?
Motherhood and the Course of Latin American History
2: Motherhood in Transition: From Colonies to Independent Nations
Why Is Manuela Sáenz Problematic as a “Founding Mother” from Independence?
Gender and Power in the Colonial Period
For Better or Worse? Gender, Law, and Nation in the Nineteenth Century
Class and Race in Nineteenth-Century Gender Laws and Discourses
Continuities, Changes, and Consequences
3: Poor Women: Mothering the Majority in the Nineteenth Century
Varieties of Poor Mothers
Gender, Communities, and Contexts
Living as a peasant or hacienda worker
Gender and slavery on Brazilian plantations
Urban life and gender relations
Mothering One’s Own Children
Mothering the Children of Others
Elite Stereotypes, Subaltern Realities
4: Middle-Class and Elite Mothers: Feminism, Femininity, and the Nation in the Nineteenth Century
Motherhood at the Crossroads of Feminism and Femininity
Education: The Linchpin of Social Motherhood
Motherhood and “Appropriate” Work
Mothering Society: Middle-Class Women and Social Reproduction
Who’s Minding the Children?
5: Motherhood at the Crossroads of Tradition and Modernity, circa 1900–1950
The Peculiar Case of Gabriela Mistral
Dangerous “Modern Women” and the Need for “Traditional Mothers”
Mothers and the Nation: Eugenics in Latin America
Doctors, Governments, and Motherhood
The Question of Motherhood, Women, and Work
Feminisms and Motherhood in the Early to Mid Twentieth Century
Moving Forward While Staying Put?
6: Poor Mothers and the Contradictions of Modernity, circa 1900–1950
Activism and Motherhood: Doña María Roldán in Argentina
Juggling Work and Motherhood
Single Mothers Facing Modern Challenges
State Intervention in Mothering: Conflicts and Benefits
Aberrant Motherhood?: Chola Market Women
Poor Mothers and the Limits of Modernity
7: Mothers and Revolution, circa 1910–1990: Mexico, Cuba, and Nicaragua
Tales of Gender and Revolution
Modernizing Patriarchy in the Mexican Revolution
The revolutionary conflict years
Motherhood, laws, and revolutionary state building in Mexico
Motherhood and the revolutionary nation in Mexico
Gender in Cuba: A “Revolution within the Revolution”?
Gender and the Cuban revolutionary conflict
Cuban laws: revolutionizing work and home?
Motherhood in practice: the limits of Cuban policies
Nicaragua: Sandino’s Daughters, Revolutionary Mothers
Motherhood and the revolutionary war
Gender, motherhood, and Sandinista rule
Mothers and Revolution: An “Unhappy Marriage”?
8: Maternalizing Politics, Politicizing Motherhood: Women and Politics, circa 1950–1990s
Women and Politics in the Late Twentieth Century: To Be or Not to Be (a Mother)?
Mothering the Nation: From Evita Perón to Violeta Chamorro
Doña Violeta and the Nicaraguan family
Poor Mothers, Identity Politics, and Political Activism
Mothers and Military Governments
The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in Argentina
Conservative women and the military in Chile
Women, Motherhood, and Politics in the Shift to the Twenty-First Century
9: Bodies, Policies, and Globalization: Contraception and Abortion in Latin America
Historical and Technical Foundations for Reproductive Politics in Latin America
Population and Reproduction as International and Class Conflicts
Latin America and the Development of the Pill
Abortion in Latin America: The “Clandestine Epidemic”?
Latin American Reproduction: Global Considerations
10: Motherhood Motherhood Transformed?: History, Gender, and the Shift into the Twenty-First Century
Brazil, Beauty, and the Rejection of Motherhood?
Returning to the Questions of Gender and History
LGBT Rights and the Family
Women, Work, and Motherhood
The Question of Empowerment