Contents

Contributors

1 A Decade-or-More’s Progress in Understanding Stereotypic Behaviour

Box 1.1: Motivation and Motivational Explanations for Stereotypies

Box 1.2: A Quick Systems Sketch of Brain and Behaviour, and the Key Systems Implicated in Stereotypies

Box 1.3: The Coping Hypothesis of Stereotypic Behaviour

Box 1.4: Behavioural Pathology – Attempt at a Biologically Meaningful Definition

PART I: NORMAL ANIMAL, ABNORMAL ENVIRONMENT?

2 Stereotypic Oral Behaviour in Captive Ungulates: Foraging, Diet and Gastrointestinal Function

Box 2.1: Ungulate Ingestion and Digestion: Anatomical and Physiological Adaptations for Herbivory and their Behavioural Implications

Box 2.2: Do Ungulate-like Natural Foraging Styles Lead to Ungulate-like Stereotypies in Other Animals?

Box 2.3: Is it Ethical to Physically Prevent Horses Performing Oral Stereotypies?

3 Locomotory Stereotypies in Carnivores: Does Pacing Stem from Hunting, Ranging or Frustrated Escape?

Box 3.1: The Form of Carnivore Stereotypies

Box 3.2: The Methods Used to Study Carnivore Stereotypies: Pros and Cons

Box 3.3: Differences in the Prevalence and Form of Abnormal Behaviour Across Primates

4 The Motivational Basis of Caged Rodents’ Stereotypies

Box 4.1: Rodents – Their Diversity and Adaptability

Box 4.2: Wheel-running: a Common Rodent Stereotypy?

PART II: STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOURS AS PATHOLOGIES

5 Perseveration and Stereotypy – Systems-level Insights from Clinical Psychology

Box 5.1: Abnormal Behaviour and Abnormal Repetitive Behaviour in Human Mental Disorder

Box 5.2: Forms of Perseveration

Box 5.3: Measuring Perseveration

Box 5.4: Stereotypies and Abnormal Perseveration – a Unifying Theory?

6 Deprived Environments: Developmental Insights from Primatology

Box 6.1: Deprivation Stereotypies in Human Children: the Case of the Romanian Orphans

Box 6.2: Maternal Deprivation and Stereotypy in Animals other than Primates

7 The Neurobiology of Stereotypy I: Environmental Complexity

Box 7.1: Are Wild-born Animals ‘Protected’ from Stereotypy When Placed in Captivity?

Box 7.2: Direct–Indirect Pathway Organization, Modulation and Drug Effects

Box 7.3: A Brief Further Note on Psychostimulant-induced Stereotypies

8 The Neurobiology of Stereotypy II: the Role of Stress

Box 8.1: Stress Sensitization and Exaggerated Rewardresponses: the Role of VTA Opioids

Box 8.2: Strain Differences in the Cage Stereotypies of Laboratory Mice

Box 8.3: Stress and the Performance of Primate Stereotypies

PART III: TREATING STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOURS

9 Environmental Enrichment as a Strategy for Mitigating Stereotypies in Zoo Animals: a Literature Review and Meta-analysis

Box 9.1: Enrichment and Captive Breeding Programmes for Endangered Species: the Case of the Giant Panda

Box 9.2: Enriching with SPIDER

Box 9.3: The Effects of Enrichment in Biomedical Facilities: Some Insights into their Effects on Laboratory Primates’ Stereotypies

Box 9.4: Evaluating Stereotypy Frequency in Enrichment Studies: Different Methods Lead to Different Conclusions

10 Veterinary and Pharmacological Approaches to Abnormal Repetitive Behaviour

Box 10.1: The Concept of ‘Stereotypy’ in Veterinary Behavioural Medicine: Terminology in Practice

Box 10.2: Implications of Recognizing Mechanistic Differences in Abnormal Repetitive Behaviour

Box 10.3: The Use and Testing of Pharmacological Compounds: Clinical Trials, Experimental Studies and Intervention Studies

Box 10.4: Pacing, Prozac and a Polar Bear

PART IV: IN CONCLUSION

11 Stereotypic Behaviour in Captive Animals: Fundamentals and Implications for Welfare and Beyond

Index

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