Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

PART I

1 Introduction

1.1. Seed-transmitted Viruses and Viroids

1.2. The Development of the Science

1.3. Economic Importance of Seed-transmitted Viruses

1.4. Testing of Seeds for Viruses: Why?

References

2 Seed Transmission of Viruses

2.1. Location of Inoculum in the Seed

2.2. Plant-to-seed and Seed-to-plant Transmission

References

3 Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

3.1. Ecology and Epidemiology

3.2. Control Strategies

References

PART II

4 Biological Assays

4.1. Symptomatology

4.2. Facilities and Equipment for Biological Assays

4.3. Growing-on Tests

4.4. Infectivity Assays

4.5. Maintenance of Isolates

References

5 Serological Testing Methods

5.1. Antigens and Antibodies

5.2. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

5.3. Dot Immunobinding Assay (DIBA)

5.4. Tissue Blotting Immunoassay (TBIA)

5.5. Other Serological Test Methods

References

6 Nucleic Acid-based Testing Methods

6.1. Nucleic Acid Hybridization

6.2. Enzymatic Nucleic Acid Amplification

References

7 Epilogue

7.1. Other Detection Techniques

7.2. Organization and Interpretation of Seed-health Assays

7.3. Tolerance Levels of Infection, and Pathogens in Germplasm

7.4. Standardization and Cost of Tests

References

Appendix 1. List of Seed-transmitted Viruses and Viroids

Appendix 2. Reagents, Solutions and Buffers

Appendix 3. Suppliers of Laboratory Equipment and Materials

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z