Chapter
1.5. Classification of Plant-parasitic Nematodes
1.6. Common Morphometric Abbreviations
2 Molecular Taxonomy and Phylogeny
2.1. Taxonomy and Phylogeny
2.2. Species Concepts and Delimiting Species in Nematology
2.3. Phylogeny and Classification
2.4. Molecular Techniques
2.5. Genes Used for Molecular Systematics
2.7. Phylogenetic Inference
2.8. Reconstruction of Historical Associations
2.10. Examples of Molecular Phylogenies
3.1. Introduction to Root-knot Nematodes
3.2. Life Cycle and Behaviour
3.3. Host Response to Parasitism
3.4. Post-infection Biology
3.5. Effect on Plant Growth and Yield
3.10. Biochemical and Molecular Identification
3.11. Interactions with Other Plant Pathogens
3.12. Management and Control
4.1. Introduction to Cyst Nematodes
4.2. Life Cycle and Behaviour
4.3. The Hatching Process
4.4. General Morphology of the Subfamily Heteroderinae
4.5. Genera and Principal Species
4.6. Pathotypes and Races
4.7. Biochemical and Molecular Diagnosis
4.8. Interactions with Other Plant Pathogens
4.9. Management and Control
5 Migratory Endoparasitic Nematodes
5.1. Introduction to Migratory Endoparasitic Nematodes
5.2. The Pratylenchids: Lesion, Burrowing and Rice Root Nematodes
5.3. Anguinids and the Stem and Bulb Nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci
5.4. Plant-parasitic Aphelenchs
6 Ectoparasitic Nematodes
6.1. Introduction to Ectoparasitic Nematodes
6.2. Definition of Ectoparasites/Ectoparasitism
6.4. Tylenchina (Chromadorea, Chromadoria)
6.6. Biochemical and Molecular Diagnostics
6.7. Ectoparasitic Nematodes as Vectors of Plant Viruses
PART II. NEMATODE BIOLOGY AND PLANT RESPONSES
7 Reproduction, Physiology and Biochemistry
7.1. Reproduction and Development
7.2. Musculature and Neurobiology
7.4. Respiration and Intermediary Metabolism
7.5. Osmotic and Ionic Regulation and Excretion
8 Behaviour and Sensory Perception
8.1. Sense Organs or Sensilla
8.2. Undulatory Propulsion
8.4. Movement in Response to Stimuli
8.5. Other Types of Movement and Behaviour
9 Molecular Aspects of Plant–Nematode Interactions
9.1. Nematode Parasitism of Plants
9.2. Invasion and Migration
9.3. Wound and Defence Responses of the Plant
9.4. Protection from Host Responses
9.5. Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Nematode Feeding Cells
9.6. Nematode Signals for Feeding Site Induction
9.7. Comparison Between Cyst and Root-knot Nematodes
9.8. Resistance and Avirulence Genes
10 Genetic Engineering for Resistance
10.1. Targets in the Nematode–Plant Interaction for Engineered Resistance
10.2. Past and Present Engineered Resistance Work
10.3. The Need for Promoters
10.4. The Role of Reporter Genes
10.6. The Research Approach to Engineer Resistance
PART III. QUANTITATIVE NEMATOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
11 Plant Growth and Population Dynamics
11.2. Relationships of Nematodes with Plants
11.3. Predictors of Yield Reduction
11.4. Different Response Variables of Nematodes
11.5. Stem Nematodes (Ditylenchus dipsaci)
11.6. Root-invading Nematodes
11.7. Effect of Nematicides
11.8. Validation of the Model
11.9. Population Dynamics
12 Distribution Patterns and Sampling
12.2. Practical Application
12.3. Horizontal Distribution
12.4. Vertical Distribution
13 International Plant Health – Putting Legislation into Practice
13.1. Introduction and Terminology
13.2. Historical Considerations
13.3. International Phytosanitary Frameworks
13.4. Early Legislation Enacted against Plant-parasitic Nematodes
13.5. International Phytosanitary Initiatives against Plant-parasitic Nematodes
13.6. Phytosanitary Problems Posed by Plant-parasitic Nematodes
13.7. Determining the Risk Posed by Plant-parasitic Nematodes Using Pest Risk Analysis
13.8. Phytosanitary Measures for Plant-parasitic Nematodes
13.9. Phytosanitary Measures and their Associated Cost:Benefits
13.10. Future Challenges for the Control of Regulated Nematodes
13.11. Challenges Facing Scientific Advisers and Researchers
14 Biological and Cultural Management
14.2. Cultural Management
15.3. Variation and Specificity
15.4. Origins and Functions
15.6. Successes and Opportunities
16 Chemical Control of Nematodes
16.1. History and Development of Nematicides
16.2. Active Substances: Chemical Groups and Modes of Action
16.3. Formulation and Application
16.4. Nematicides in the Environment
16.6. Naturally Occurring Nematicides
Plant Nematology
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