Potatoes Postharvest

Author: Pringle   B.; Bishop   C.; Clayton   R.  

Publisher: CABI Publishing‎

Publication year: 2009

E-ISBN: 9781845934354

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9780851995021

Subject: S532 potatoes (potatoes)

Keyword: Science Life Sciences Horticulture

Language: ENG

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Description

A wider understanding of potato postharvest practices is needed to improve working relations between growers, agronomists, pathologists and crop store managers. Providing a comprehensive examination of international potato production, this book identifies which storage systems suit particular climatic zones as well as considering interactions between crop microclimate, dehydration, crop cooling, condensation and disease development. Potatoes Postharvest will guide the reader through the activities following harvest from store loading, store management, and grading to packaging and dispatch.

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1.2 Origin of Potatoes

1.3 The Growing Tuber

1.4 Factors Affecting Growth

1.5 Physiology of Potatoes in Store

1.6 Summary

Chapter 2: Harvesting and Store Loading Systems

2.1 Harvester

2.2 Into-store Cleaning and Separation

2.3 Damage to the Crop

2.4 Pesticide Use

2.5 Pesticide Application

2.6 Transfer from Cleaner to Bulk Store Loading Elevator

2.7 Transfer from Cleaner/Separator to Boxes

2.8 Into-store Drying Systems

2.9 Store Loading Equipment

2.10 Cleaning and Separating Seed Following Initial Storage and Drying

2.11 Summary

Chapter 3: Store Climate

3.1 Microclimate Surrounding Tubers

3.2 Benefit from Sealed, Insulated Buildings

3.3 Purpose of Ventilation

3.4 The Cooling Process

3.5 Causes of Condensation

3.6 Climate Zones

3.7 Selection of Ventilation System Based on Climate Type

3.8 Crop Storage Life

3.9 Specific Requirements for Pre-packing

3.10 Specific Requirements for Processing Potatoes

3.11 Specific Requirements for Seed

3.12 Summary

Chapter 4: Disease Control in Store

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Host–Disease–Environment Triangle

4.3 Storage Strategy Dependent on Crop Condition at Harvest as well as Storage Principles

4.4 Bacteria

4.5 Fungi

4.6 How Disease Gains Access to the Tuber Flesh

4.7 Ecosystems

4.8 Hygiene

4.9 Holistic Approach

4.10 Summary

Chapter 5: Store Design and Structure

5.1 Low-cost Structures

5.2 Building Structures

5.3 Building Complexes

5.4 Store Aspect and Exposure

5.5 Designing for Store Hygiene

5.6 Insulation Materials

5.7 Building Fabric

5.8 Floors

5.9 Doors

5.10 Health and Safety

5.11 Summary

Chapter 6: Store Ventilation

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Components of a Ventilation System

6.3 Calculation of Airflow Rate and Backpressure in Ducted System

6.4 Air Distribution in Bulk Stores

6.5 Humidification of Ventilating Air

6.6 Airspace Ventilation Systems for Boxes

6.7 Airspace Ventilation Systems for Sacks and Big Bags

6.8 Positively Ventilated Systems for Boxes

6.9 Sprout Control using Chloropropham for Processing and Ware Potatoes

6.10 Warming in the Store

6.11 Summary

Chapter 7: Store Refrigeration

7.1 Refrigeration Systems

7.2 Two-stage Water/Glycol Systems

7.3 Chilled-water Cooling Systems

7.4 Combined Refrigeration/Ambient-air Cooling Systems

7.5 Comparison between Direct Expansion, Two-stage Water/Glycol and Chilled-water Systems

7.6 Common Faults and Maintenance

7.7 Sizing a Refrigeration Plant

7.8 Summary

Chapter 8: Store Environment Monitoring and Control

8.1 Internal Store and External Air Monitoring

8.2 Control of Crop Cooling and Cool Storage in Bulk Stores

8.3 Control of Crop Cooling and Cool Storage in Box Stores

8.4 Controlling Combined Ambient-air/Refrigeration Cooling

8.5 Ensuring Uniformity of Temperatures in Store

8.6 Control of Ventilation During Drying and Wound Healing

8.7 Control Measures to Minimize Energy Use

8.8 Sensors to Provide Fuller Information on Store Climate

8.9 Sensors to Aid Store Management

8.10 Logging Systems

8.11 Data Storage, Use and Access

8.12 Summary

Chapter 9: Store Management

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Store Hygiene and Equipment Inspection

9.3 Store Preparation

9.4 In-field Sampling

9.5 Loading into Store

9.6 Drying and Wound-healing Period

9.7 Cooling

9.8 Store Monitoring

9.9 Managing the Use of Low-tariff Electricity

9.10 Sprout Suppressants

9.11 Reconditioning of Crops for Processing

9.12 Warming Crops for Grading and Dispatch

9.13 Summary

Chapter 10: Seed Grading and Preparation for Planting

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Specific Requirements for Seed Storage

10.3 Altering Chronological Age of Seed to Produce Bold or Prolific Crops

10.4 Grading of Seed

10.5 Chitting, or Pre-sprouting, of Seed

10.6 Chitting Store for 300 t of Seed

10.7 Communication Between Seed Producer and Customer

10.8 Summary

Chapter 11: Packhouse and Processing Facilities

11.1 Cleaning and Sizing Prior to Packing

11.2 On-farm versus Off-farm Cleaning and Sizing

11.3 Packhouse Layout

11.4 Components of the Packhouse or Processor Intake

11.5 Dry Cleaning Equipment

11.6 Potato Washing Equipment

11.7 Cleanliness of Packhouse or Processor Intake

11.8 Grader Design for Minimum Damage

11.9 Graders or Sizers

11.10 Inspection

11.11 Combined Grading and Automatic Inspection

11.12 Packaging

11.13 Packhouse Automation

11.14 Dispatch Areas and Chills

11.15 Reject Potatoes

11.16 Summary

Chapter 12: Quality Assurance

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Quality

12.3 Quality Assurance

12.4 Quality Assurance Schemes

12.5 Quality Control

12.6 HACCP Procedures

12.7 Traceability

12.8 Standard for Selling Crops on the Futures Market

12.9 Labelling Lifted Crops

12.10 Sampling Protocols

12.11 Sampling of Incoming Product

12.12 Crop Assessment Prior to Dispatch

12.13 Monitoring Crop In and Out and Waste Produced

12.14 Critical Control Points on Inspection, Grading and Packing Line

12.15 Final Product Sampling

12.16 Accessibility to Quality Assurance System’s Information

12.17 Summary

Chapter 13: Marketing and Costs

13.1 Cost and Returns from Storage and Grading

13.2 Global Potato Production

13.3 Effect of Climatic Area on Production

13.4 Continuous Supply to the Market

13.5 Calculating Storage and Grading Costs

13.6 Storage Capital Costs

13.7 Calculation of Store Variable Costs

13.8 Calculation of Store Operating Costs

13.19 Calculation of the Cost of Grading

13.10 Summary

Appendix 1: Metric–US Imperial Conversion Tables

Appendix 2: Weather Data for World Climatic Zones

Appendix 3: Thermal Conductivity (λ Values) for Various Building Structural Components

Appendix 4: Theoretical Derivation of the Dimensions of Lateral Ducts used in Bulk Storage

References

Index

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