Contents

Contributors

Acknowledgements

I: Aquaculture Diversification: an Introduction

1 Fish Culture: Achievements and Challenges

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Application of Emerging Technologies to Aquaculture Research

1.3 Stock Improvement

1.4 Feed Ingredients and Resources

1.5 Health Management and Disease Control

1.6 Food Products: Nutritional Composition, Food Safety and Traceability

1.7 Fish as Food: Consumer Attitudes (and the Question of GM-Fish)

1.8 Concluding Remarks

2 Fish Culture: the Rearing Environment

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Water Sources and Their Consequences for Rearing Systems

2.3 Biosecurity: a Key for Disease Prevention

2.4 Water Quality

2.5 Temperature

2.6 Light

2.7 Fish Welfare Under Culture Conditions

3 Fish Culture: Feeds and Feeding

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Nutrients and Nutritional Requirements

3.3 Aqua-feeds for Farming Fish

3.4 Feeding Behaviour, Feeding Routines and Feed Delivery Systems

3.5 Environmental Protection and Related Issues

4 Farmed Species and Their Characteristics

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Characteristics Desirable in a Farmed Species

4.3 Fish as Food: A Comparison with Terrestrial Livestock

4.4 Natural Diets of Farmed Animals

4.5 Domestication and Genetic Selection

4.6 Culture Species

4.7 Concluding Comments

5 Considerations for the Selection and Commercialization of New or Alternate Species

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Why Develop a New or an Alternate Species?

5.3 Who Is Likely To Develop New Species and Products?

5.4 When Is This Development Likely To Occur?

5.5 What Does the Development Process Entail?

5.6 How Should Commercialization Be Conducted?

5.7 Conclusion

6 A Systematic Market Approach to Species Diversification: a French Case Study

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Methodology

6.3 Constraints and Limitations of the Model

6.4 Case Study: The Case of the French Atlantic, the Channel and the North Sea Coasts

7 The Agribusiness Approach

7.1 The Concept of Agribusiness

7.2 Method

7.3 The Agribusiness System

7.4 Case Studies: Catfish, Atlantic Salmon and Barramundi

7.5 Conclusion

7.6 Future Trends and Issues

II: Finfish Species Description and Biotechnical Analysis

8 Quantitative Approaches for Identifying Finfish Species Suited for Sustainable and Productive Aquaculture

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Site-specific Selection of the Most Suitable Species and Production Strategy: a Québec (Canada) Case Study

8.3 Evaluation of Commercial Species’ Attributes in Terms of Productivity/Sustainability

9 The Sturgeons (Family: Acipenseridae)

9.1 General Introduction

9.2 Farming of Sturgeons

9.3 Shortnose Sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum

9.4 Atlantic Sturgeon, Acipencer oxyrinchus oxyrinchus

9.5 Product Description

9.6 Markets

9.7 Future R & D for Shortnose and Atlantic Sturgeons

10 Milkfish (Family: Chanidae)

10.1 General Introduction

10.2 Farming of Milkfish

10.3 Broodstock Management and Hatchery Operations

10.4 On-growing to Market Size

10.5 Future Perspectives

11 The Catfish (Family: Ictaluridae)

11.1 General Introduction

11.2 Farming of Catfish

11.3 Broodstock Management and Hatchery Operations

11.4 On-growing to Market Size

11.5 Future Perspectives

12 The Salmonids (Family: Salmonidae)

12.1 General Introduction

12.2 Whitefishes: Biology and Culture

12.3 Charrs: Biology and Culture

12.4 Atlantic Salmons and Trouts: Biology and Culture

12.5 Pacific Salmons and Trouts: Biology and Culture

12.6 Acknowledgements

13 The Codfishes (Family: Gadidae)

13.1 General Introduction

13.2 Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua

13.3 Haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus

13.4 Pollack, Pollachius pollachius

14 The Snooks (Family: Centropomidae)

14.1 General Introduction

14.2 Barramundi, Lates calcarifer

15 The Temperate Basses (Family: Moronidae)

15.1 General Introduction

15.2 European Seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax

15.3 Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis, and Striped Bass Hybrids

16 Seabreams and Porgies (Family: Sparidae)

16.1 General Introduction

16.2 Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata

17 Tilapia (Family: Cichlidae)

17.1 General Introduction

17.2 Tilapia, Oreochromis sp.

18 Drum-fish or Croakers (Family: Sciaenidae)

18.1 General Introduction

18.2 Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

18.3 Meagre, Argyrosomus regius

19 The Wolffishes (Family: Anarhichadidae)

19.1 General Introduction

19.2 Spotted Wolffish, Anarhichas minor, and Atlantic Wolffish, A. lupus

20 The Tunas (Family: Scombridae)

20.1 General Introduction

20.2 Farming of Tuna, Thunnus sp.

20.3 Atlantic Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus thynnus

20.4 Southern Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus maccoyii

20.5 Pacific Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus orientalis

21 The Flatfishes (Order: Pleuronectiformes)

21.1 General Introduction

21.2 Turbot, Scophthalmus maximus

21.3 Atlantic Halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus

21.4 Winter Flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus

21.5 Sole, Solea solea and Solea senegalensis

III: Market and Economic Analysis

22 Marketing New Species

22.1 Introduction

22.2 What is Marketing?

22.3 The Fish Marketing Environment

22.4 Marketing Decisions on New Species

22.5 Planning for New Species and Products

22.6 Conclusion

23 Diversification Pays: Economic Perspectives on Investment in Diversified Aquaculture

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Economic Reasons for Diversification

23.3 The Political Economics of Aquaculture Diversification

23.4 A Case Study: Application to the Province of Québec

23.5 Concluding Remarks

IV: Future Perspectives

24 Offshore and Recirculation Technologies

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Offshore Technologies

24.3 Recirculation Technologies

25 Valorization of Aquaculture By-products

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Feed and Food Use of By-products

25.3 Specialized Products

25.4 A Case Study: Wolffish, Anarhichas lupus and A. minor

25.5 Concluding Remarks

26 Organic and Ecolabelling

26.1 Introduction

26.2 Production Pressures on Diversification

26.3 The Role of Branding in Differentiation

26.4 Organic Differentiation

26.5 Market Impacts of Differentiation

26.6 Ecolabelling

26.7 Conclusion

27 The Future of Aquaculture: Insights from Economic Theory

27.1 Introduction

27.2 Supply and Demand Model

27.3 Applying Supply and Demand Modelling to Aquaculture

27.4 Modelling How Aquaculture May Change in the Future

27.5 Technological Innovation in Aquaculture

27.6 The Importance of Marketing for Aquaculture

27.7 Effects of Government Policies on Aquaculture

27.8 Modelling Diversification of Aquaculture

27.9 Conclusions

Species factsheets: Appendix (1–24)

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z